Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31119681›Full record

GuidelineJournal of nephrology2019

Management of hyperkalemia in patients with kidney disease: a position paper endorsed by the Italian Society of Nephrology.

Stefano Bianchi, Filippo Aucella, Luca De Nicola, Simonetta Genovesi, Ernesto Paoletti, Giuseppe Regolisti

Open access · hybridAbstract readPractice GuidelineReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Guideline in Journal of nephrology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
57citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
9.1field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

57 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 129 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Emergency department referral and short-term death after outpatient hyperkalemia: a population-based study.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2026
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  4. Article
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  8. Novel Immersive Emergency Training Module to Enhance Clinical Competency in Nephrology.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2025
    Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
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  12. Review
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  14. Article
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  18. Observational
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.

Stefano BianchiNephrology and Dialysis Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Azienda ASL Toscana Nord Ovest, Livorno, Italy. stefano2.bianchi@uslnordovest.toscana.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3981-6325
Filippo AucellaNephrology and Dialysis Unit, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Scientific Institute for Research and Health Care, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
Luca De NicolaDivision of Nephrology, University of Campania, Naples, Italy.
Simonetta GenovesiDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano - Bicocca San Gerardo Hospital, Nephrology Unit, Monza, Italy.
Ernesto PaolettiNephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, University of Genoa and Policlinico, San Martino Genoa, Italy.
Giuseppe RegolistiAcute and Chronic Renal Failure Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
Azienda Usl Toscana Centro · ITCasa Sollievo della Sofferenza · ITUniversity of Genoa · ITUniversity of Milano-Bicocca · ITUniversity of Parma · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hyperkalemia (HK) is the most common electrolyte disturbance observed in patients with kidney disease, particularly in those in whom diabetes and heart failure are present or are on treatment with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASIs). HK is recognised as a major risk of potentially life threatening cardiac arrhythmic complications. When an acute reduction of renal function manifests, both in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and in those with previously normal renal function, HK is the main indication for the execution of urgent medical treatment and the recourse to extracorporeal replacement therapies. In patients with end-stage renal disease, the presence of HK not responsive to medical therapy is an indication at the beginning of chronic renal replacement therapy. HK can also be associated indirectly with the progression of CKD, because the finding of high potassium values leads to withdrawal of treatment with RAASIs, which constitute the first choice nephro-protective treatment. It is therefore essential to identify patients at risk of developing HK, and to implement therapeutic interventions aimed at preventing and treating this dangerous complication of kidney disease. Current strategies aimed at the prevention and treatment of HK are still unsatisfactory, as evidenced by the relatively high prevalence of HK also in patients under stable nephrology care, and even in the ideal setting of randomized clinical trials where optimal treatment and monitoring are mandatory. This position paper will review the main therapeutic interventions to be implemented for the prevention, detection and treatment of HK in patients with CKD on conservative care, in those on dialysis, in patients in whom renal disease is associated with diabetes, heart failure, resistant hypertension and who are on treatment with RAASIs, and finally in those presenting with severe acute HK.

Indexed as

Renal DialysisAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme InhibitorsAngiotensin Receptor AntagonistsConservative TreatmentCoronary VasospasmDiabetes ComplicationsHeart FailureHumansHyperkalemiaHypertensionPotassiumPotassium, DietaryRenal Insufficiency, ChronicAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme InhibitorsAngiotensin Receptor AntagonistsPotassiumPotassium, DietaryAcute kidney injuryChronic kidney diseaseHyperkalemiaRenin–angiotensin–aldosterone inhibitors

Identifiers

PMID31119681
PMCPMC6588653
OpenAlexW2945465574

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.