Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31119387›Full record

ArticleJournal of medical systems2019

Pilot Study Assessing the Influence of Skin Type on the Heart Rate Measurements Obtained by Photoplethysmography with the Apple Watch.

Borja Sañudo, Moisés De Hoyo, Alejandro Muñoz-López, John Perry, Grant Abt

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of medical systems, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Guideline
  4. Pooled it
  5. Trial
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Model Quality in AI-based Bruise Detection: Rethinking IoU and Confidence Thresholds.AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium · 2024
    Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Observational
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Borja SañudoDepartment of Physical Education and Sport, University of Seville, Pirotécnia s/n, N-41012, Seville, Spain. bsancor@us.es.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9969-9573
Moisés De HoyoDepartment of Physical Education and Sport, University of Seville, Pirotécnia s/n, N-41012, Seville, Spain.
Alejandro Muñoz-LópezHuman Motricity and Performance Area, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.
John PerryDepartment of Psychology, Mary Immaculate College, Limerick, Ireland.
Grant AbtDepartment of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Hull, Hull, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Photoplethysmographic imaging (PPG) is currently used to measure heart rate (HR) and the accuracy of PPG can be influenced by pigmentation of the skin; however, the effects of skin color-related artifacts on PPG during exercise remain unclear. This study aimed to assess the agreement between the Apple Watch photoplethysmography sensor and a criterion, for measuring heart rate across a range of intensities during exercise and to determine the influence of skin type on the accuracy of the measure. Forty-five males (20-43 y) completed the Fitzpatrick Skin Scale and were classified into three different skin type groups: a) types II (n = 15), III (n = 15) and IV (n = 15). Participants performed a graded incremental cycle-ergometer test while simultaneously wearing the Apple Watch and a Polar monitor as a criterion measure. Data from both devices were collected in 5-s epochs. Correlations between devices were very good (0.96-0.99 [95%CI: 0.94 to 0.99]). Significant differences were observed between skin types II and III when the intensity of the exercise was increased, albeit with trivial to small effect sizes (ES: 0.05 to 0.28). All significant differences corresponded to <2% of relative difference between both devices. Bland-Altman analyses showed a trivial but systematic underestimation of HR in the Apple Watch compared to Polar for all skin types during exercise. In conclusion, the Apple Watch accurately measures HR when cycling at different intensities and certain types of skin seem not to influence these measures, which may have important implications for controlling the intensity of exercise.

Indexed as

AdultExercise TestHeart RateHumansMaleMonitoring, PhysiologicPhotoplethysmographyPilot ProjectsSkin PigmentationWearable Electronic DevicesYoung AdultAgreementExerciseHeart rateSkin typeWearable sensors

Identifiers

PMID31119387

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.