Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31118245›Full record

Trial reportNeurology2019

Randomized phase 2 study of FcRn antagonist efgartigimod in generalized myasthenia gravis.

James F Howard, Vera Bril, Ted M Burns, Renato Mantegazza, Malgorzata Bilinska, Andrzej Szczudlik, Said Beydoun, Francisco Javier Rodriguez De Rivera Garrido, Fredrik Piehl, Mariarosa Rottoli and 14 more

Erratum issued Registry-linked trialOpen access · bronzeAbstract readClinical Trial, Phase IIRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Neurology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT06860633 (Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis Exacerbation or Crisis With Efgartigimod), which is not on this map. Cited by 159 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
159citing papers in PubMed, 10 pooled it
20.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06860633 phase4recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Treatment of Myasthenia Gravis Exacerbation or Crisis With Efgartigimod: A Single Arm, Open Label Prospective Cohort Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of Colorado, DenverRan2025 to 2026Enrolled20ConditionsMyasthenia Gravis Crisis, Myasthenia Gravis Exacerbations, AChR Myasthenia GravisArmsEfgartigimod
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

159 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 276 citations in OpenAlex.

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99 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

24 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.

James F HowardFrom the Department of Neurology (J.F.H.), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Krembil Neuroscience Centre (V.B.), University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (T.M.B.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases (R.M.), Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.), Wroclaw Medical University; Department of Neurology (A.S.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles County Medical Center; Department of Neurology (F.J.R.D.R.G.), La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonoma University of Madrid, Spain; Neuroimmunology Unit, Department Clinical Neuroscience (F.P.), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital (Solna), Stockholm, Sweden; USC Neurologia (M.R.), USS Malattie Autoimmuni-Centro Sclerosi Multipla, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Neurology Department (P.V.D.), University Hospitals Leuven; Laboratory of Neurobiology (P.V.D.), Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven and Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurology (T.V.), University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa; Institute of Neurology (A.E.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Neurology Department (M.F.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California, Irvine; Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (E.S.W.), Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station; argenx BVBA (T.D., P.U., K.V., A.G., H.d.H., N.L.), Zwijnaarde, Belgium; and Department of Neurology (J.J.G.M.V.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), the Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-7136-8617
Vera BrilFrom the Department of Neurology (J.F.H.), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Krembil Neuroscience Centre (V.B.), University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (T.M.B.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases (R.M.), Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.), Wroclaw Medical University; Department of Neurology (A.S.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles County Medical Center; Department of Neurology (F.J.R.D.R.G.), La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonoma University of Madrid, Spain; Neuroimmunology Unit, Department Clinical Neuroscience (F.P.), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital (Solna), Stockholm, Sweden; USC Neurologia (M.R.), USS Malattie Autoimmuni-Centro Sclerosi Multipla, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Neurology Department (P.V.D.), University Hospitals Leuven; Laboratory of Neurobiology (P.V.D.), Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven and Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurology (T.V.), University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa; Institute of Neurology (A.E.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Neurology Department (M.F.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California, Irvine; Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (E.S.W.), Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station; argenx BVBA (T.D., P.U., K.V., A.G., H.d.H., N.L.), Zwijnaarde, Belgium; and Department of Neurology (J.J.G.M.V.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), the Netherlands.
Ted M BurnsFrom the Department of Neurology (J.F.H.), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Krembil Neuroscience Centre (V.B.), University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (T.M.B.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases (R.M.), Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.), Wroclaw Medical University; Department of Neurology (A.S.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles County Medical Center; Department of Neurology (F.J.R.D.R.G.), La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonoma University of Madrid, Spain; Neuroimmunology Unit, Department Clinical Neuroscience (F.P.), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital (Solna), Stockholm, Sweden; USC Neurologia (M.R.), USS Malattie Autoimmuni-Centro Sclerosi Multipla, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Neurology Department (P.V.D.), University Hospitals Leuven; Laboratory of Neurobiology (P.V.D.), Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven and Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurology (T.V.), University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa; Institute of Neurology (A.E.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Neurology Department (M.F.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California, Irvine; Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (E.S.W.), Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station; argenx BVBA (T.D., P.U., K.V., A.G., H.d.H., N.L.), Zwijnaarde, Belgium; and Department of Neurology (J.J.G.M.V.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), the Netherlands.
Renato MantegazzaFrom the Department of Neurology (J.F.H.), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Krembil Neuroscience Centre (V.B.), University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (T.M.B.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases (R.M.), Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.), Wroclaw Medical University; Department of Neurology (A.S.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles County Medical Center; Department of Neurology (F.J.R.D.R.G.), La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonoma University of Madrid, Spain; Neuroimmunology Unit, Department Clinical Neuroscience (F.P.), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital (Solna), Stockholm, Sweden; USC Neurologia (M.R.), USS Malattie Autoimmuni-Centro Sclerosi Multipla, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Neurology Department (P.V.D.), University Hospitals Leuven; Laboratory of Neurobiology (P.V.D.), Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven and Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurology (T.V.), University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa; Institute of Neurology (A.E.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Neurology Department (M.F.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California, Irvine; Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (E.S.W.), Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station; argenx BVBA (T.D., P.U., K.V., A.G., H.d.H., N.L.), Zwijnaarde, Belgium; and Department of Neurology (J.J.G.M.V.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), the Netherlands.
Malgorzata BilinskaFrom the Department of Neurology (J.F.H.), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Krembil Neuroscience Centre (V.B.), University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (T.M.B.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases (R.M.), Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.), Wroclaw Medical University; Department of Neurology (A.S.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles County Medical Center; Department of Neurology (F.J.R.D.R.G.), La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonoma University of Madrid, Spain; Neuroimmunology Unit, Department Clinical Neuroscience (F.P.), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital (Solna), Stockholm, Sweden; USC Neurologia (M.R.), USS Malattie Autoimmuni-Centro Sclerosi Multipla, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Neurology Department (P.V.D.), University Hospitals Leuven; Laboratory of Neurobiology (P.V.D.), Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven and Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurology (T.V.), University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa; Institute of Neurology (A.E.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Neurology Department (M.F.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California, Irvine; Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (E.S.W.), Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station; argenx BVBA (T.D., P.U., K.V., A.G., H.d.H., N.L.), Zwijnaarde, Belgium; and Department of Neurology (J.J.G.M.V.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), the Netherlands.
Andrzej SzczudlikFrom the Department of Neurology (J.F.H.), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Krembil Neuroscience Centre (V.B.), University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (T.M.B.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases (R.M.), Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.), Wroclaw Medical University; Department of Neurology (A.S.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles County Medical Center; Department of Neurology (F.J.R.D.R.G.), La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonoma University of Madrid, Spain; Neuroimmunology Unit, Department Clinical Neuroscience (F.P.), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital (Solna), Stockholm, Sweden; USC Neurologia (M.R.), USS Malattie Autoimmuni-Centro Sclerosi Multipla, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Neurology Department (P.V.D.), University Hospitals Leuven; Laboratory of Neurobiology (P.V.D.), Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven and Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurology (T.V.), University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa; Institute of Neurology (A.E.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Neurology Department (M.F.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California, Irvine; Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (E.S.W.), Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station; argenx BVBA (T.D., P.U., K.V., A.G., H.d.H., N.L.), Zwijnaarde, Belgium; and Department of Neurology (J.J.G.M.V.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), the Netherlands.
Said BeydounFrom the Department of Neurology (J.F.H.), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Krembil Neuroscience Centre (V.B.), University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (T.M.B.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases (R.M.), Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.), Wroclaw Medical University; Department of Neurology (A.S.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles County Medical Center; Department of Neurology (F.J.R.D.R.G.), La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonoma University of Madrid, Spain; Neuroimmunology Unit, Department Clinical Neuroscience (F.P.), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital (Solna), Stockholm, Sweden; USC Neurologia (M.R.), USS Malattie Autoimmuni-Centro Sclerosi Multipla, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Neurology Department (P.V.D.), University Hospitals Leuven; Laboratory of Neurobiology (P.V.D.), Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven and Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurology (T.V.), University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa; Institute of Neurology (A.E.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Neurology Department (M.F.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California, Irvine; Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (E.S.W.), Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station; argenx BVBA (T.D., P.U., K.V., A.G., H.d.H., N.L.), Zwijnaarde, Belgium; and Department of Neurology (J.J.G.M.V.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), the Netherlands.
Francisco Javier Rodriguez De Rivera GarridoFrom the Department of Neurology (J.F.H.), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Krembil Neuroscience Centre (V.B.), University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (T.M.B.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases (R.M.), Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.), Wroclaw Medical University; Department of Neurology (A.S.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles County Medical Center; Department of Neurology (F.J.R.D.R.G.), La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonoma University of Madrid, Spain; Neuroimmunology Unit, Department Clinical Neuroscience (F.P.), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital (Solna), Stockholm, Sweden; USC Neurologia (M.R.), USS Malattie Autoimmuni-Centro Sclerosi Multipla, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Neurology Department (P.V.D.), University Hospitals Leuven; Laboratory of Neurobiology (P.V.D.), Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven and Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurology (T.V.), University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa; Institute of Neurology (A.E.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Neurology Department (M.F.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California, Irvine; Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (E.S.W.), Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station; argenx BVBA (T.D., P.U., K.V., A.G., H.d.H., N.L.), Zwijnaarde, Belgium; and Department of Neurology (J.J.G.M.V.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), the Netherlands.
Fredrik PiehlFrom the Department of Neurology (J.F.H.), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Krembil Neuroscience Centre (V.B.), University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (T.M.B.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases (R.M.), Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.), Wroclaw Medical University; Department of Neurology (A.S.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles County Medical Center; Department of Neurology (F.J.R.D.R.G.), La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonoma University of Madrid, Spain; Neuroimmunology Unit, Department Clinical Neuroscience (F.P.), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital (Solna), Stockholm, Sweden; USC Neurologia (M.R.), USS Malattie Autoimmuni-Centro Sclerosi Multipla, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Neurology Department (P.V.D.), University Hospitals Leuven; Laboratory of Neurobiology (P.V.D.), Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven and Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurology (T.V.), University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa; Institute of Neurology (A.E.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Neurology Department (M.F.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California, Irvine; Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (E.S.W.), Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station; argenx BVBA (T.D., P.U., K.V., A.G., H.d.H., N.L.), Zwijnaarde, Belgium; and Department of Neurology (J.J.G.M.V.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), the Netherlands.
Mariarosa RottoliFrom the Department of Neurology (J.F.H.), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Krembil Neuroscience Centre (V.B.), University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (T.M.B.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases (R.M.), Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.), Wroclaw Medical University; Department of Neurology (A.S.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles County Medical Center; Department of Neurology (F.J.R.D.R.G.), La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonoma University of Madrid, Spain; Neuroimmunology Unit, Department Clinical Neuroscience (F.P.), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital (Solna), Stockholm, Sweden; USC Neurologia (M.R.), USS Malattie Autoimmuni-Centro Sclerosi Multipla, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Neurology Department (P.V.D.), University Hospitals Leuven; Laboratory of Neurobiology (P.V.D.), Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven and Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurology (T.V.), University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa; Institute of Neurology (A.E.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Neurology Department (M.F.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California, Irvine; Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (E.S.W.), Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station; argenx BVBA (T.D., P.U., K.V., A.G., H.d.H., N.L.), Zwijnaarde, Belgium; and Department of Neurology (J.J.G.M.V.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), the Netherlands.
Philip Van DammeFrom the Department of Neurology (J.F.H.), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Krembil Neuroscience Centre (V.B.), University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (T.M.B.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases (R.M.), Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.), Wroclaw Medical University; Department of Neurology (A.S.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles County Medical Center; Department of Neurology (F.J.R.D.R.G.), La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonoma University of Madrid, Spain; Neuroimmunology Unit, Department Clinical Neuroscience (F.P.), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital (Solna), Stockholm, Sweden; USC Neurologia (M.R.), USS Malattie Autoimmuni-Centro Sclerosi Multipla, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Neurology Department (P.V.D.), University Hospitals Leuven; Laboratory of Neurobiology (P.V.D.), Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven and Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurology (T.V.), University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa; Institute of Neurology (A.E.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Neurology Department (M.F.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California, Irvine; Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (E.S.W.), Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station; argenx BVBA (T.D., P.U., K.V., A.G., H.d.H., N.L.), Zwijnaarde, Belgium; and Department of Neurology (J.J.G.M.V.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), the Netherlands.
Tuan VuFrom the Department of Neurology (J.F.H.), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Krembil Neuroscience Centre (V.B.), University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (T.M.B.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases (R.M.), Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.), Wroclaw Medical University; Department of Neurology (A.S.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles County Medical Center; Department of Neurology (F.J.R.D.R.G.), La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonoma University of Madrid, Spain; Neuroimmunology Unit, Department Clinical Neuroscience (F.P.), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital (Solna), Stockholm, Sweden; USC Neurologia (M.R.), USS Malattie Autoimmuni-Centro Sclerosi Multipla, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Neurology Department (P.V.D.), University Hospitals Leuven; Laboratory of Neurobiology (P.V.D.), Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven and Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurology (T.V.), University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa; Institute of Neurology (A.E.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Neurology Department (M.F.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California, Irvine; Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (E.S.W.), Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station; argenx BVBA (T.D., P.U., K.V., A.G., H.d.H., N.L.), Zwijnaarde, Belgium; and Department of Neurology (J.J.G.M.V.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), the Netherlands.
Amelia EvoliFrom the Department of Neurology (J.F.H.), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Krembil Neuroscience Centre (V.B.), University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (T.M.B.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases (R.M.), Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.), Wroclaw Medical University; Department of Neurology (A.S.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles County Medical Center; Department of Neurology (F.J.R.D.R.G.), La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonoma University of Madrid, Spain; Neuroimmunology Unit, Department Clinical Neuroscience (F.P.), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital (Solna), Stockholm, Sweden; USC Neurologia (M.R.), USS Malattie Autoimmuni-Centro Sclerosi Multipla, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Neurology Department (P.V.D.), University Hospitals Leuven; Laboratory of Neurobiology (P.V.D.), Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven and Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurology (T.V.), University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa; Institute of Neurology (A.E.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Neurology Department (M.F.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California, Irvine; Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (E.S.W.), Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station; argenx BVBA (T.D., P.U., K.V., A.G., H.d.H., N.L.), Zwijnaarde, Belgium; and Department of Neurology (J.J.G.M.V.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), the Netherlands.
Miriam FreimerFrom the Department of Neurology (J.F.H.), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Krembil Neuroscience Centre (V.B.), University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (T.M.B.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases (R.M.), Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.), Wroclaw Medical University; Department of Neurology (A.S.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles County Medical Center; Department of Neurology (F.J.R.D.R.G.), La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonoma University of Madrid, Spain; Neuroimmunology Unit, Department Clinical Neuroscience (F.P.), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital (Solna), Stockholm, Sweden; USC Neurologia (M.R.), USS Malattie Autoimmuni-Centro Sclerosi Multipla, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Neurology Department (P.V.D.), University Hospitals Leuven; Laboratory of Neurobiology (P.V.D.), Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven and Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurology (T.V.), University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa; Institute of Neurology (A.E.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Neurology Department (M.F.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California, Irvine; Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (E.S.W.), Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station; argenx BVBA (T.D., P.U., K.V., A.G., H.d.H., N.L.), Zwijnaarde, Belgium; and Department of Neurology (J.J.G.M.V.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), the Netherlands.
Tahseen MozaffarFrom the Department of Neurology (J.F.H.), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Krembil Neuroscience Centre (V.B.), University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (T.M.B.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases (R.M.), Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.), Wroclaw Medical University; Department of Neurology (A.S.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles County Medical Center; Department of Neurology (F.J.R.D.R.G.), La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonoma University of Madrid, Spain; Neuroimmunology Unit, Department Clinical Neuroscience (F.P.), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital (Solna), Stockholm, Sweden; USC Neurologia (M.R.), USS Malattie Autoimmuni-Centro Sclerosi Multipla, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Neurology Department (P.V.D.), University Hospitals Leuven; Laboratory of Neurobiology (P.V.D.), Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven and Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurology (T.V.), University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa; Institute of Neurology (A.E.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Neurology Department (M.F.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California, Irvine; Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (E.S.W.), Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station; argenx BVBA (T.D., P.U., K.V., A.G., H.d.H., N.L.), Zwijnaarde, Belgium; and Department of Neurology (J.J.G.M.V.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), the Netherlands.
E Sally WardFrom the Department of Neurology (J.F.H.), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Krembil Neuroscience Centre (V.B.), University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (T.M.B.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases (R.M.), Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.), Wroclaw Medical University; Department of Neurology (A.S.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles County Medical Center; Department of Neurology (F.J.R.D.R.G.), La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonoma University of Madrid, Spain; Neuroimmunology Unit, Department Clinical Neuroscience (F.P.), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital (Solna), Stockholm, Sweden; USC Neurologia (M.R.), USS Malattie Autoimmuni-Centro Sclerosi Multipla, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Neurology Department (P.V.D.), University Hospitals Leuven; Laboratory of Neurobiology (P.V.D.), Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven and Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurology (T.V.), University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa; Institute of Neurology (A.E.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Neurology Department (M.F.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California, Irvine; Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (E.S.W.), Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station; argenx BVBA (T.D., P.U., K.V., A.G., H.d.H., N.L.), Zwijnaarde, Belgium; and Department of Neurology (J.J.G.M.V.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), the Netherlands.
Torsten DreierFrom the Department of Neurology (J.F.H.), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Krembil Neuroscience Centre (V.B.), University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (T.M.B.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases (R.M.), Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.), Wroclaw Medical University; Department of Neurology (A.S.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles County Medical Center; Department of Neurology (F.J.R.D.R.G.), La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonoma University of Madrid, Spain; Neuroimmunology Unit, Department Clinical Neuroscience (F.P.), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital (Solna), Stockholm, Sweden; USC Neurologia (M.R.), USS Malattie Autoimmuni-Centro Sclerosi Multipla, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Neurology Department (P.V.D.), University Hospitals Leuven; Laboratory of Neurobiology (P.V.D.), Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven and Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurology (T.V.), University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa; Institute of Neurology (A.E.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Neurology Department (M.F.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California, Irvine; Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (E.S.W.), Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station; argenx BVBA (T.D., P.U., K.V., A.G., H.d.H., N.L.), Zwijnaarde, Belgium; and Department of Neurology (J.J.G.M.V.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), the Netherlands.
Peter UlrichtsFrom the Department of Neurology (J.F.H.), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Krembil Neuroscience Centre (V.B.), University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (T.M.B.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases (R.M.), Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.), Wroclaw Medical University; Department of Neurology (A.S.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles County Medical Center; Department of Neurology (F.J.R.D.R.G.), La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonoma University of Madrid, Spain; Neuroimmunology Unit, Department Clinical Neuroscience (F.P.), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital (Solna), Stockholm, Sweden; USC Neurologia (M.R.), USS Malattie Autoimmuni-Centro Sclerosi Multipla, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Neurology Department (P.V.D.), University Hospitals Leuven; Laboratory of Neurobiology (P.V.D.), Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven and Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurology (T.V.), University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa; Institute of Neurology (A.E.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Neurology Department (M.F.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California, Irvine; Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (E.S.W.), Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station; argenx BVBA (T.D., P.U., K.V., A.G., H.d.H., N.L.), Zwijnaarde, Belgium; and Department of Neurology (J.J.G.M.V.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), the Netherlands.
Katrien VerschuerenFrom the Department of Neurology (J.F.H.), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Krembil Neuroscience Centre (V.B.), University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (T.M.B.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases (R.M.), Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.), Wroclaw Medical University; Department of Neurology (A.S.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles County Medical Center; Department of Neurology (F.J.R.D.R.G.), La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonoma University of Madrid, Spain; Neuroimmunology Unit, Department Clinical Neuroscience (F.P.), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital (Solna), Stockholm, Sweden; USC Neurologia (M.R.), USS Malattie Autoimmuni-Centro Sclerosi Multipla, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Neurology Department (P.V.D.), University Hospitals Leuven; Laboratory of Neurobiology (P.V.D.), Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven and Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurology (T.V.), University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa; Institute of Neurology (A.E.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Neurology Department (M.F.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California, Irvine; Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (E.S.W.), Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station; argenx BVBA (T.D., P.U., K.V., A.G., H.d.H., N.L.), Zwijnaarde, Belgium; and Department of Neurology (J.J.G.M.V.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), the Netherlands.
Antonio GugliettaFrom the Department of Neurology (J.F.H.), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Krembil Neuroscience Centre (V.B.), University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (T.M.B.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases (R.M.), Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.), Wroclaw Medical University; Department of Neurology (A.S.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles County Medical Center; Department of Neurology (F.J.R.D.R.G.), La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonoma University of Madrid, Spain; Neuroimmunology Unit, Department Clinical Neuroscience (F.P.), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital (Solna), Stockholm, Sweden; USC Neurologia (M.R.), USS Malattie Autoimmuni-Centro Sclerosi Multipla, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Neurology Department (P.V.D.), University Hospitals Leuven; Laboratory of Neurobiology (P.V.D.), Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven and Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurology (T.V.), University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa; Institute of Neurology (A.E.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Neurology Department (M.F.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California, Irvine; Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (E.S.W.), Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station; argenx BVBA (T.D., P.U., K.V., A.G., H.d.H., N.L.), Zwijnaarde, Belgium; and Department of Neurology (J.J.G.M.V.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), the Netherlands.
Hans de HaardFrom the Department of Neurology (J.F.H.), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Krembil Neuroscience Centre (V.B.), University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (T.M.B.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases (R.M.), Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.), Wroclaw Medical University; Department of Neurology (A.S.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles County Medical Center; Department of Neurology (F.J.R.D.R.G.), La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonoma University of Madrid, Spain; Neuroimmunology Unit, Department Clinical Neuroscience (F.P.), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital (Solna), Stockholm, Sweden; USC Neurologia (M.R.), USS Malattie Autoimmuni-Centro Sclerosi Multipla, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Neurology Department (P.V.D.), University Hospitals Leuven; Laboratory of Neurobiology (P.V.D.), Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven and Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurology (T.V.), University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa; Institute of Neurology (A.E.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Neurology Department (M.F.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California, Irvine; Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (E.S.W.), Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station; argenx BVBA (T.D., P.U., K.V., A.G., H.d.H., N.L.), Zwijnaarde, Belgium; and Department of Neurology (J.J.G.M.V.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), the Netherlands.
Nicolas LeupinFrom the Department of Neurology (J.F.H.), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Krembil Neuroscience Centre (V.B.), University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (T.M.B.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases (R.M.), Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.), Wroclaw Medical University; Department of Neurology (A.S.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles County Medical Center; Department of Neurology (F.J.R.D.R.G.), La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonoma University of Madrid, Spain; Neuroimmunology Unit, Department Clinical Neuroscience (F.P.), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital (Solna), Stockholm, Sweden; USC Neurologia (M.R.), USS Malattie Autoimmuni-Centro Sclerosi Multipla, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Neurology Department (P.V.D.), University Hospitals Leuven; Laboratory of Neurobiology (P.V.D.), Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven and Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurology (T.V.), University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa; Institute of Neurology (A.E.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Neurology Department (M.F.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California, Irvine; Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (E.S.W.), Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station; argenx BVBA (T.D., P.U., K.V., A.G., H.d.H., N.L.), Zwijnaarde, Belgium; and Department of Neurology (J.J.G.M.V.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), the Netherlands. nleupin@argenx.com.
Jan J G M VerschuurenFrom the Department of Neurology (J.F.H.), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill; Krembil Neuroscience Centre (V.B.), University Health Network, Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology (T.M.B.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville; Department of Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases (R.M.), Fondazione Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurology (B.M.), Wroclaw Medical University; Department of Neurology (A.S.), Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland; Department of Neurology (S.B.), University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles County Medical Center; Department of Neurology (F.J.R.D.R.G.), La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonoma University of Madrid, Spain; Neuroimmunology Unit, Department Clinical Neuroscience (F.P.), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital (Solna), Stockholm, Sweden; USC Neurologia (M.R.), USS Malattie Autoimmuni-Centro Sclerosi Multipla, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Neurology Department (P.V.D.), University Hospitals Leuven; Laboratory of Neurobiology (P.V.D.), Department of Neuroscience, KU Leuven and Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurology (T.V.), University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa; Institute of Neurology (A.E.), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Neurology Department (M.F.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Department of Neurology (T.M.), University of California, Irvine; Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine (E.S.W.), Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station; argenx BVBA (T.D., P.U., K.V., A.G., H.d.H., N.L.), Zwijnaarde, Belgium; and Department of Neurology (J.J.G.M.V.), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), the Netherlands.
Efgartigimod MG Study Group
Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo investigate safety and explore efficacy of efgartigimod (ARGX-113), an anti-neonatal Fc receptor immunoglobulin G1 Fc fragment, in patients with generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) with a history of anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) autoantibodies, who were on stable standard-of-care myasthenia gravis (MG) treatment.

methodsA phase 2, exploratory, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 15-center study is described. Eligible patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive 4 doses over a 3-week period of either 10 mg/kg IV efgartigimod or matched placebo combined with their standard-of-care therapy. Primary endpoints were safety and tolerability. Secondary endpoints included efficacy (change from baseline to week 11 of Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living, Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis, and Myasthenia Gravis Composite disease severity scores, and of the revised 15-item Myasthenia Gravis Quality of Life scale), pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and immunogenicity.

resultsOf the 35 screened patients, 24 were enrolled and randomized: 12 received efgartigimod and 12 placebo. Efgartigimod was well-tolerated in all patients, with no serious or severe adverse events reported, no relevant changes in vital signs or ECG findings observed, and no difference in adverse events between efgartigimod and placebo treatment. All patients treated with efgartigimod showed a rapid decrease in total immunoglobulin G (IgG) and anti-AChR autoantibody levels, and assessment using all 4 efficacy scales consistently demonstrated that 75% showed a rapid and long-lasting disease improvement.

conclusionsEfgartigimod was safe and well-tolerated. The correlation between reduction of levels of pathogenic IgG autoantibodies and disease improvement suggests that reducing pathogenic autoantibodies with efgartigimod may offer an innovative approach to treat MG. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE: This study provides Class I evidence that efgartigimod is safe and well-tolerated in patients with gMG.

Indexed as

Activities of Daily LivingAdrenal Cortex HormonesAdultAgedAutoantibodiesCholinesterase InhibitorsDouble-Blind MethodFemaleHistocompatibility Antigens Class IHumansImmunoglobulin Fc FragmentsImmunologic FactorsImmunosuppressive AgentsMaleMiddle AgedMyasthenia GravisAdrenal Cortex HormonesAutoantibodiesCholinesterase InhibitorsFc receptor, neonatalHistocompatibility Antigens Class IImmunoglobulin Fc FragmentsImmunologic FactorsImmunosuppressive AgentsReceptors, CholinergicReceptors, Fc

Identifiers

PMID31118245
PMCPMC6556100
OpenAlexW2944937742

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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