ArticleChemical research in toxicology2019
Common E-Cigarette Flavoring Chemicals Impair Neutrophil Phagocytosis and Oxidative Burst.
Article in Chemical research in toxicology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review of quantitative and functional lung imaging evidence of vaping-related lung injury.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Pooled it
- E-cigarette use and respiratory disorders: an integrative review of converging evidence from epidemiological and laboratory studies.The European respiratory journal · 2021Pooled it
- Impact of e-cigarette vaping on the immune system across the body.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Vaping-related lung disease: a narrative review.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Review
- Oxidative stress mediates cardiac electrophysiological injury in inhalation exposure to flavored vaping products.Heart rhythm · 2026Article
- Aromatic aldehydes formed during heating of cinnamon-flavored e-liquids drive pro-inflammatory responses in human aortic smooth muscle cells.Current research in toxicology · 2026Article
- E-Cigarette or Vaping Product Use-Associated Lung Injury: A Comprehensive Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Review
- Pathophysiological Responses of Oral Keratinocytes After Exposure to Flavored E-Cigarette Liquids.Dentistry journal · 2025Article
- Pulmonary function and physical performance in adolescent e-cigarette users: a narrative review.Frontiers in public health · 2025Review
- E-Cigarette Use, Cigarette Smoking, and Sex Are Associated With Nasal Microbiome Dysbiosis.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- Sex-specific alterations in pulmonary metabolic, xenobiotic and lipid signalling pathways after e-cigarette aerosol exposure during adolescence in mice.BMJ open respiratory research · 2024Article
- Dual Exposure to E-Cigarette Vapour and Cigarette Smoke Results in Poorer Airway Cell, Monocyte, and Macrophage Function Than Single Exposure.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Emissions from plastic incineration induce inflammation, oxidative stress, and impaired bioenergetics in primary human respiratory epithelial cells.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2024Article
- Impact of electronic cigarettes on pediatric, adolescent and young adult leukemia patients.Pediatric medicine (Hong Kong, China) · 2024Article
- Nicotine or marijuana vaping exposure during pregnancy and altered immune responses in offspring.Journal of environmental exposure assessment · 2024Article
- Understanding the Relationship Between Neutrophil Function and Demographic Variables.Research square · 2023Article
- E-Cigarettes and Associated Health Risks: An Update on Cancer Potential.Advances in respiratory medicine · 2023Review
- Flavoring Agents in E-cigarette Liquids: A Comprehensive Analysis of Multiple Health Risks.Cureus · 2023Review
- Pulmonary immune response regulation, genotoxicity, and metabolic reprogramming by menthol- and tobacco-flavored e-cigarette exposures in mice.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2023Article
- A Pilot Cross-Sectional Study of Immunological and Microbiome Profiling Reveals Distinct Inflammatory Profiles for Smokers, Electronic Cigarette Users, and Never-Smokers.Microorganisms · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
E-cigarette flavorings have not been thoroughly evaluated for inhalational toxicity. We have shown that the flavoring chemical cinnamaldehyde impairs human neutrophils, macrophages, and natural killer cells. Here we investigated the effects of other common e-liquid flavoring chemicals on phagocytosis and oxidative burst in neutrophils. We demonstrate that cinnamaldehyde and ethyl vanillin dose-dependently decrease oxidative burst and that benzaldehyde and benzaldehyde propylene glycol acetal dose-dependently impair phagocytosis. Isoamyl acetate did not affect either measure of neutrophil function. These data suggest that inhaling aromatic aldehydic flavoring chemicals, such as cinnamaldehyde, benzaldehyde, benzaldehyde propylene glycol acetal, or ethyl vanillin, could impair neutrophil function.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.