ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2019
Heart Rate Variability in Sport Performance: Do Time of Day and Chronotype Play A Role?
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Can Reactivity of Heart Rate Variability Be a Potential Biomarker and Monitoring Tool to Promote Healthy Aging? A Systematic Review With Meta-Analyses.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Pooled it
- Effects of transcranial pulsed current stimulation on sleep quality in Student-Athletes with different types of sleep disorders.BMC psychiatry · 2026Trial
- Imagery and breathing exercises improve swimming performance, mental toughness, and coherence.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Morning sprint interval training produces greater physical performance adaptations than evening training in soccer players.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Time of Day and Chronotype-Dependent Synchrony Effects Exercise-Induced Reduction in Migraine Load: A Pilot Cross-Over Randomized Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Trial
- The effects of varying doses of caffeine on cardiac parasympathetic reactivation following an acute bout of anaerobic exercise in recreational athletes.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2020Trial
- Effects of morning versus evening high-intensity exercise on electroencephalographic and autonomic responses in middle-aged women.Physical activity and nutrition · 2026Article
- The Effect of Binaural Beats Music-Based Interventions on the Autonomic Nervous System, Considering Kinesiophobia of Reinjuries and Fitness Biomarkers in Professional Athletes with Musculoskeletal Injuries: Study Protocol for a Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trials.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Machine Learning-Based Classification of Alertness Levels in Elite Shooting Athletes Using Heart Rate Variability.Journal of sports science & medicine · 2026Article
- Exercise Timing in Sport: Molecular and Physiological Mechanisms Linking Performance, Recovery, and Biological Cost.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Sleep-timing irregularity moderates the within-participant association between training load and next-morning heart rate variability in university sport participants: a 28-day study.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Heart rate variability measurement and influencing factors: Towards the standardization of methodology.Global cardiology science & practice · 2024Review
- How our hearts beat together: a study on physiological synchronization based on a self-paced joint motor task.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Effects of neuromodulation on cognitive and emotional responses to psychosocial stressors in healthy humans.Neurobiology of stress · 2023Review
- Effects of Interrupted Daily Routine Due to COVID-19 on Circadian Chronotype and Leisure Time Physical Activity.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Can Acute Exercise Lower Cardiovascular Stress Reactivity? Findings from a Scoping Review.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2022Article
- Effects of Acute Partial Sleep Deprivation and High-Intensity Interval Exercise on Postprandial Network Interactions.Frontiers in network physiology · 2022Article
- Applying Heart Rate Variability to Monitor Health and Performance in Tactical Personnel: A Narrative Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Review
- Aerobic Continuous and Interval Training under Hypoxia Enhances Endurance Exercise Performance with Hemodynamic and Autonomic Nervous System Function in Amateur Male Swimmers.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
A reliable non-invasive method to assess autonomic nervous system activity involves the evaluation of the time course of heart rate variability (HRV). HRV may vary in accordance with the degree and duration of training, and the circadian fluctuation of this variable is crucial for human health since the heart adapts to the needs of different activity levels during sleep phases or in the daytime. In the present review, time-of-day and chronotype effect on HRV in response to acute sessions of physical activity are discussed. Results are sparse and controversial; however, it seems that evening-type subjects have a higher perturbation of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), with slowed vagal reactivation and higher heart rate values in response to morning exercise than morning types. Conversely, both chronotype categories showed similar ANS activity during evening physical tasks, suggesting that this time of day seems to perturb the HRV circadian rhythm to a lesser extent. The control for chronotype and time-of-day effect represents a key strategy for individual training schedules, and, in perspective, for primary injury prevention.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.