ReviewViruses2019
West Nile Virus Associations in Wild Mammals: An Update.
Review in Viruses, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Mosquito feeding patterns in the context of West Nile and eastern equine encephalitis viruses in eastern Ontario, Canada.Medical and veterinary entomology · 2026Article
- A global database of West Nile virus host prevalence and competence.Scientific data · 2026Article
- Vector Potential Index: Bridging Competence and Contribution as an Integrative Measure of Relative Transmission Capability.Ecology and evolution · 2026Article
- Detection and genomic characterization of West Nile virus lineage 2 in captive harbor seals in southern Italy.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Multiplex serological screening of wild boar as sentinels of emerging zoonoses: HEV, WNV, and TBEV distribution in Saxony, Germany.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Wild Mammals as Sentinels for West Nile Virus Circulation: Evidence from Serbia.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- West Nile virus vaccine candidates attenuated by dinucleotide enrichment are immunogenic and protective against lethal infection.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Host-feeding preferences of Culex pipiens and its potential significance for flavivirus transmission in the Camargue, France.Medical and veterinary entomology · 2025Article
- Review
- Review
- Long-term serological surveillance for West Nile and Usutu virus in horses in south-West Spain.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2023Article
- Article
- Bacterial and Viral Pathogens with One Health Relevance in Invasive Raccoons (Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Pathogen Screening for Possible Causes of Meningitis/Encephalitis in Wild Carnivores From Saxony-Anhalt.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
- The rise of West Nile Virus in Southern and Southeastern Europe: A spatial-temporal analysis investigating the combined effects of climate, land use and economic changes.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2021Article
- Global emergence of West Nile virus: Threat & preparedness in special perspective to India.The Indian journal of medical research · 2021Review
- Screening of Eurasian Tundra Reindeer for Viral Sequences by Next-Generation Sequencing.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Evidence of Exposure to USUV and WNV in Zoo Animals in France.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Serological Evidence of West Nile Virus Infection in White-Tailed Deer in Central Texas.Vector borne and zoonotic diseases (Larchmont, N.Y.) · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although West Nile virus (WNV) is generally thought to circulate among mosquitoes and birds, several historic and recent works providing evidence of WNV activity in wild mammals have been published. Indeed, a previous review tabulated evidence of WNV exposure in at least 100 mammalian species. Herein, we provide an update on WNV activity in wild and select other mammals that have been reported since the last major review article on this subject was published in early 2013. Of interest, new species, such as Hoffman's two-toed sloths (
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.