ArticlePLoS pathogens2019
ZAP's stress granule localization is correlated with its antiviral activity and induced by virus replication.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Zinc increases stress granule formation by promoting RNA condensation.Cell reports · 2026Article
- RNA-binding proteins and ribonucleoproteins as determinants of immunity.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Regulation of stress granule maturation and dynamics by poly(ADP-ribose) interaction with PARP13.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Modeling biomolecular condensates across scales: Atomistic, coarse-grained, and data-driven approaches.Advances in physics: X · 2025Article
- Regulation of viral replication by host restriction factors.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Distinct interactomes of ADAR1 nuclear and cytoplasmic protein isoforms and their responses to interferon induction.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- Evolutionary analysis of ZAP and its cofactors identifies intrinsically disordered regions as central elements in host-pathogen interactions.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2024Article
- The molecular dissection of TRIM25's RNA-binding mechanism provides key insights into its antiviral activity.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Translation Inhibition Mediated by Interferon-Stimulated Genes during Viral Infections.Viruses · 2024Review
- TRIM25 predominately associates with anti-viral stress granules.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Versatility of the Zinc-Finger Antiviral Protein (ZAP) As a Modulator of Viral Infections.International journal of biological sciences · 2024Review
- Antiviral Activity of Zinc Finger Antiviral Protein (ZAP) in Different Virus Families.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Review
- Stress granules: potential therapeutic targets for infectious and inflammatory diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Stressful steps: Progress and challenges in understanding stress-induced mRNA condensation and accumulation in stress granules.Molecular cell · 2022Review
- Intracellular mono-ADP-ribosyltransferases at the host-virus interphase.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2022Review
- Compositional biases in RNA viruses: Causes, consequences and applications.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. RNA · 2022Review
- Novel stress granule-like structures are induced via a paracrine mechanism during viral infection.Journal of cell science · 2022Article
- Poly(ADP-ribose) potentiates ZAP antiviral activity.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Self-amplifying mRNA-Based Vaccine Technology and Its Mode of Action.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cellular antiviral programs encode molecules capable of targeting multiple steps in the virus lifecycle. Zinc-finger antiviral protein (ZAP) is a central and general regulator of antiviral activity that targets pathogen mRNA stability and translation. ZAP is diffusely cytoplasmic, but upon infection ZAP is targeted to particular cytoplasmic structures, termed stress granules (SGs). However, it remains unclear if ZAP's antiviral activity correlates with SG localization, and what molecular cues are required to induce this localization event. Here, we use Sindbis virus (SINV) as a model infection and find that ZAP's localization to SGs can be transient. Sometimes no apparent viral infection follows ZAP SG localization but ZAP SG localization always precedes accumulation of SINV non-structural protein, suggesting virus replication processes trigger SG formation and ZAP recruitment. Data from single-molecule RNA FISH corroborates this finding as the majority of cells with ZAP localization in SGs contain low levels of viral RNA. Furthermore, ZAP recruitment to SGs occurred in ZAP-expressing cells when co-cultured with cells replicating full-length SINV, but not when co-cultured with cells replicating a SINV replicon. ZAP recruitment to SGs is functionally important as a panel of alanine ZAP mutants indicate that the anti-SINV activity is correlated with ZAP's ability to localize to SGs. As ZAP is a central component of the cellular antiviral programs, these data provide further evidence that SGs are an important cytoplasmic antiviral hub. These findings provide insight into how antiviral components are regulated upon virus infection to inhibit virus spread.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.