ReviewHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2019
West Nile virus vaccines - current situation and future directions.
Review in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 100 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inflammatory Response Associated with West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease: A Systematic Review.Viruses · 2024Pooled it
- Pediatric Arboviral Infections in Europe: Epidemiology, Clinical Features, Diagnosis and Prevention.Viruses · 2026Review
- Insight into cytotoxic and molecular mechanisms of bee venom and its nanoemulsion against West Nile virus in vitro.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Review
- A data-parsimonious model for long-term risk assessments of West Nile virus spillover.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Vector competence of Belgian Anopheles plumbeus mosquitoes for West Nile virus under different temperature conditions.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- West Nile Virus: Epidemiology, Surveillance, and Prophylaxis with a Comparative Insight from Italy and Iran.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Meteorological and environmental drivers of West Nile virus prevalence in Culex pipiens mosquitoes in Emilia-Romagna, Italy in 2013 to 2022.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Development of a New Trapping System with Potential Implementation as a Tool for Mosquito-Borne Arbovirus Surveillance.Insects · 2025Article
- First autochthonous transmission of West Nile virus (WNV) lineage 2 to humans in Spain.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Virological Passive Surveillance of Avian Influenza and Arboviruses in Wild Birds: A Two-Year Study (2023-2024) in Lombardy, Italy.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- West Nile Virus (WNV): One-Health and Eco-Health Global Risks.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- Uncovering temperature sensitivity of West Nile virus transmission: Novel computational approaches to mosquito-pathogen trait responses.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Advancements and Challenges in Addressing Zoonotic Viral Infections with Epidemic and Pandemic Threats.Viruses · 2025Review
- Assessment of the effectiveness of West Nile virus screening by analysing suspected positive donations among blood donors, Germany, 2020 to 2023.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2025Article
- West Nile virus unmasked: from gene variability to future challenges.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Article
- Vector competence of Culex quinquefasciatus from Santiago Island, Cape Verde, to West Nile Virus: exploring the potential effect of the vector native Wolbachia.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Article
- Review
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is a widely spread human pathogenic arthropod-borne virus. It can lead to severe, sometimes fatal, neurological disease. Over the last two decades, several vaccine candidates for the protection of humans from WNV have been developed. Some technologies were transferred into clinical testing, but these approaches have not yet led to a licensed product. This review summarizes the current status of a human WNV vaccine and discusses reasons for the lack of clinically advanced product candidates. It also discusses the problem of immunological cross-reactivity between flaviviruses and how it can be addressed during vaccine development.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.