SynthesisDental press journal of orthodontics2019
Effect of orthodontic forces on levels of enzymes in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF): A systematic review.
Synthesis in Dental press journal of orthodontics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fluctuation of bone turnover markers' levels in samples of gingival crevicular fluid after orthodontic stimulus: a systematic review.Systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- MicroRNAs in oral fluids (saliva and gingival crevicular fluid) as biomarkers in orthodontics: systematic review and integrated bioinformatic analysis.Progress in orthodontics · 2021Pooled it
- Effect of micro-osteoperforations on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement and expression of biomarkers: a randomized controlled clinical trial.Dental press journal of orthodontics · 2022Trial
- Identification of Salivary Exosome-Derived miRNAs as Potential Biomarkers of Bone Remodeling During Orthodontic Tooth Movement.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Biochemical mediators during active and retentive phases of tooth movement in orthodontic patients-a scoping review.Frontiers in oral health · 2025Review
- Exploration of key factors in Gingival Crevicular fluids from patients undergoing Periodontally Accelerated Osteogenic Orthodontics (PAOO) using proteome analysis.BMC oral health · 2023Article
- Biomarkers in Body Fluids as Indicators of Skeletal Maturity: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Rambam Maimonides medical journal · 2023Review
- Mechanical force induces mitophagy-mediated anaerobic oxidation in periodontal ligament stem cells.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2023Article
- MicroRNA Modulation during Orthodontic Tooth Movement: A Promising Strategy for Novel Diagnostic and Personalized Therapeutic Interventions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Applications of Biotechnology to the Craniofacial Complex: A Critical Review.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Quantification of matrix metalloproteinases MMP-8 and MMP-9 in gingival overgrowth.The Saudi dental journal · 2021Article
- Using Salivary MMP-9 to Successfully Quantify Periodontal Inflammation during Orthodontic Treatment.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Levels of proinflammatory chemokines and advanced glycation end products in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment.The Angle orthodontist · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveOrthodontic force application releases multiple enzymes in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) for activation, resorption, reversal, deposition of osseous elements and extracellular matrix degradation. The current systematic review critically evaluated all existing evidence on enzymes in orthodontic tooth movement.
methodsLiterature was searched with predetermined search strategy on electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase), along with hand search.
resultsInitial search identified 652 studies, shortlisted to 52 studies based on PRISMA. Quality assessment further led to final inclusion of 48 studies (13 moderately and 35 highly sensitive studies). Primary outcomes are significant upregulation in GCF levels of enzymes-aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), β-glucuronidase (βG), tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), acid phosphatase (ACP) and down regulation in cathepsin B (Cb). Site specificity is shown by ALP, TRAP, AST, LDH, MMP9 with levels at compression site increasing earlier and in higher quantities compared with tension site. ALP levels are higher at tension site only in retention. A positive correlation of LDH, ALP and AST is also observed with increasing orthodontic force magnitude.
conclusionsA strong evidence of variation in enzymes (ALP, AST, ACP TRAP, LDH, MMPs, Cb) in GCF is found in association with different magnitude, stages and sites of orthodontic force application.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.