Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31115612›Full record

ArticlePsychopharmacology2019

Effects of early life stress on cocaine self-administration in post-pubertal male and female rhesus macaques.

Alison G P Wakeford, Elyse L Morin, Sara N Bramlett, Brittany R Howell, Kai M McCormack, Jerrold S Meyer, Michael A Nader, Mar M Sanchez, Leonard L Howell

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Psychopharmacology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
0.2field-weighted citation impact, top 51% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Cocaine self-administration in adult female and male rhesus monkeys: longitudinal comparison with adolescent behavior and role of early life stress.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025
    Article
  2. Review
  3. Alterations in adolescent brain serotonin (5HT)Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.

Alison G P WakefordDivision of Developmental and Cognitive Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA. alison.wakeford@emory.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9350-6750
Elyse L MorinDivision of Developmental and Cognitive Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.
Sara N BramlettDivision of Developmental and Cognitive Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.
Brittany R HowellDivision of Developmental and Cognitive Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.
Kai M McCormackDivision of Developmental and Cognitive Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.
Jerrold S MeyerDepartment of Psychological & Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts, 441 Tobin Hall, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
Michael A NaderDepartment of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
Mar M SanchezDivision of Developmental and Cognitive Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954 Gatewood Rd NE, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.
Leonard L HowellDepartment of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, 12 Executive Park Dr NE #200, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA.
Emory University · USEmory Healthcare · USSpelman College · USUniversity of Massachusetts Amherst · USUniversity of Minnesota · USWake Forest University · US

Funding

Yerkes National Primate Research Center Role of type-I IFN in regulating COVID-19 induced inflammation and pathogenesisP51OD011132 · OD · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI Joon Sup Lee · 2012 to 2026
$167.0M
Project 3: The neurobiology of adverse early care in rhesus infants....P50MH078105 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI KIM, HYOUN K · 2009 to 2013
$9.9M
Early life stress and adolescent cocaine abuse: neurobiological vulnerabilitiesR01DA038588 · NIDA · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI SANCHEZ, MAR M · 2014 to 2020
$3.5M
PET IMAGING AND COCAINE NEUROPHARMACOLOGY IN MONKEYSR01DA010344 · NIDA · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI HOWELL, LEONARD L · 1997 to 2006
$2.7M
Neuropharmacology of Abused Stimulants in Nonhuman PrimatesK05DA031246 · NIDA · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI HOWELL, LEONARD L · 2012 to 2016
$619k
NIDA NIH HHS DA01034NIDA NIH HHS DA031246NIDA NIH HHS DA038588NIDA NIH HHS K05 DA031246NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA010344NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA038588NIH HHS P51 OD011132NIH Office of the Director P51 OD11132NIMH NIH HHS MH078105NIMH NIH HHS P50 MH078105
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

rationaleEarly life stress (ELS), including childhood maltreatment, is a predictive factor for the emergence of cocaine use disorders (CUDs) in adolescence.

objectiveAccordingly, we examined whether post-pubertal male and female rhesus macaques that experienced infant maltreatment (maltreated, n = 7) showed greater vulnerability to cocaine self-administration in comparison with controls (controls, n = 7).

methodsInfant emotional reactivity was measured to assess differences in behavioral distress between maltreated and control animals as a result of early life caregiving. Animals were then surgically implanted with indwelling intravenous catheters and trained to self-administer cocaine (0.001-0.3 mg/kg/infusion) under fixed-ratio schedules of reinforcement. Days to acquisition, and sensitivity to (measured by the ED

resultsMaltreated animals demonstrated significantly higher rates of distress (e.g., screams) in comparison with control animals. When given access to cocaine, control males required significantly more days to progress through terminal performance criteria compared with females and acquired cocaine self-administration slower than the other three experimental groups. The dose that resulted in peak response rates did not differ between groups or sex. Under 5-week, limited-access conditions, males from both groups had significantly higher rates of responding compared with females.

conclusionsIn control monkeys, these data support sex differences in cocaine self-administration, with females being more sensitive than males. These findings also suggest that ELS may confer enhanced sensitivity to the reinforcing effects of cocaine, especially in males.

Indexed as

Reinforcement ScheduleSex CharacteristicsAnimalsCocaineCocaine-Related DisordersDopamine Uptake InhibitorsDose-Response Relationship, DrugFemaleMacaca mulattaMaleRandom AllocationReaction TimeReinforcement, PsychologySelf AdministrationSexual MaturationStress, PsychologicalCocaineDopamine Uptake InhibitorsCocaineEarly life stressNonhuman primatesSelf-administrationSex differences

Identifiers

PMID31115612
OpenAlexW2946811339

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.