ReviewFrontiers in immunology2019
Immunopathogenesis of Pediatric Localized Scleroderma.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neurological involvement in localized scleroderma: a systematic review of clinical manifestations and neuroimaging findings.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of platelet-rich plasma therapy in systemic sclerosis and localized scleroderma; a systematic review.Archives of dermatological research · 2025Pooled it
- Clinical Profile and Diagnostic Spectrum of Autoimmune Comorbidities in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Descriptive Single-Centre Observational Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- The Th17/Treg axis: a key to understanding and treating autoimmune disorders.Open life sciences · 2026Article
- New Challenging Systemic Therapies for Juvenile Scleroderma: A Comprehensive Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Evaluation of Thiol Disulfide, Ischemia Modified Albumin, and Prolidase Parameters in Patients with Localized Scleroderma.Dermatology practical & conceptual · 2024Article
- Interferon-Gamma-Inducible Protein-10 (IP-10) and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) as Serological Predictors of Active Disease Status in Localized Scleroderma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- [Validation of the total morbidity score and investigation of the efficacy of methotrexate in localized scleroderma].Zeitschrift fur Rheumatologie · 2024Article
- Article
- Morphea: The 2023 update.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Review
- Abnormal expression of interleukin-6 is associated with epidermal alternations in localized scleroderma.Clinical rheumatology · 2022Article
- Linear scleroderma in a child with central nervous system involvement: clinical and radiological features.Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery · 2022Article
- The Value of High-Resolution Ultrasound Combined with Shear-Wave Elastography under Artificial Intelligence Algorithm in Quantitative Evaluation of Skin Thickness in Localized Scleroderma.Computational intelligence and neuroscience · 2022Article
- Upcoming treatments for morphea.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2021Review
- The Anti-Fibrotic Effect of Cold Atmospheric Plasma on Localized Scleroderma In Vitro and In Vivo.Biomedicines · 2021Article
- Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus from Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Approaches: Evidence and Prospects.Biomedicines · 2021Review
- DNA methylation patterns in juvenile systemic sclerosis and localized scleroderma.Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) · 2021Article
- Familial localized scleroderma with paediatric onset: a review.Postepy dermatologii i alergologii · 2021Review
- Genetic Signatures From RNA Sequencing of Pediatric Localized Scleroderma Skin.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Article
- Prior elicitation of the efficacy and tolerability of Methotrexate and Mycophenolate Mofetil in Juvenile Localised Scleroderma.AMRC open research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Localized scleroderma (LS) is a complex disease characterized by a mixture of inflammation and fibrosis of the skin that, especially in the pediatric population, also affects extracutaneous tissues ranging from muscle to the central nervous system. Although developmental origins have been hypothesized, evidence points to LS as a systemic autoimmune disorder, as there is a strong correlation to family history of autoimmune disease, the presence of shared HLA types with rheumatoid arthritis, high frequency of auto-antibodies, and elevated circulating chemokines and cytokines associated with T-helper cell, IFNγ, and other inflammatory pathways. This inflammatory phenotype of the peripheral blood is reflected in the skin via microarray, RNA Sequencing and tissue staining. Research is underway to identify the key players in the pathogenesis of LS, but close approximation of inflammatory lymphocytic and macrophage infiltrate with collagen and fibroblasts deposition supports the notion that LS is a disease of inflammatory driven fibrosis. The immune system is dynamic and undergoes changes during childhood, and we speculate on how the unique features of the immune system in childhood could potentially contribute to some of the differences in LS between children and adults. Interestingly, the immune phenotype in pediatric LS resembles to some extent the healthy adult cellular phenotype, possibly supporting accelerated maturation of the immune system in LS. We discuss future directions in better understanding the pathophysiology of and how to better treat pediatric LS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.