ArticleFrontiers in neurology2019
Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal MRI Brain Scans Reveal Accelerated Brain Aging in Multiple Sclerosis.
Article in Frontiers in neurology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 105 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors associated with brain ageing - a systematic review.BMC neurology · 2021Pooled it
- Accelerated Brain Aging Identifies Functional Vulnerability Beyond Chronological Age in Multiple Sclerosis.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Trial
- Brain age prediction in stroke patients: Highly reliable but limited sensitivity to cognitive performance and response to cognitive training.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2020Trial
- Investigating the Contribution of Molecular-Enriched Functional Connectivity to Brain-Age Analysis.Human brain mapping · 2026Article
- Mediation Analysis Between Brain Age, Disease-Modifying Factors, and Disability and Cognitive Performance in Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology · 2026Article
- Accelerated Brain Aging in Multiple Sclerosis: Microstructural and Metabolic Correlates of the Brain Age Gap.Neurology international · 2026Article
- Local and global patterns support medical imaging as a biomarker of ageing.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- An automated quantitative report for multiple sclerosis using only 3D T2-fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI.Neuroradiology · 2026Article
- Aging beyond diagnosis: the MRI brain age gap across disorders.GeroScience · 2026Review
- MRI-derived estimation of biological aging in patients with affective disorders in a 9-year follow-up - a prospective marker of future recurrence.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Brain Age Estimation on T2-FLAIR Scans for Application to Multiple Sclerosis.Human brain mapping · 2026Article
- Association of Brain Age With Physical Disability and Cognitive Impairment in People With Multiple Sclerosis of the Same Age.Neurology · 2026Article
- Brain age gap in multiple sclerosis: associated with disability but independent of serum biomarkers.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2026Article
- Investigating the Contribution of Molecular-Enriched Functional Connectivity to Brain-Age Analysis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Multimodal predictors of disability progression and processing speed decline in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Spatially-restricted inflammation-induced senescent-like glia in multiple sclerosis and patient-derived organoids.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Exercise and Cognition in Multiple Sclerosis in 2025: Forward Momentum or Going Nowhere Fast?Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2025Review
- Unraveling Microstructural and Macrostructural Brain Age Dynamics in Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Repeatability and reproducibility of brain age estimates in multiple sclerosis for three publicly available models.Neuroimage. Reports · 2025Article
- SECONDGRAM: Self-conditioned diffusion with gradient manipulation for longitudinal MRI imputation.Patterns (New York, N.Y.) · 2025Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system. By combining longitudinal MRI-based brain morphometry and brain age estimation using machine learning, we tested the hypothesis that MS patients have higher brain age relative to chronological age than healthy controls (HC) and that longitudinal rate of brain aging in MS patients is associated with clinical course and severity. Seventy-six MS patients [71% females, mean age 34.8 years (range 21-49) at inclusion] were examined with brain MRI at three time points with a mean total follow up period of 4.4 years (±0.4 years). We used additional cross-sectional MRI data from 235 HC for case-control comparison. We applied a machine learning model trained on an independent set of 3,208 HC to estimate individual brain age and to calculate the difference between estimated and chronological age, termed brain age gap (BAG). We also assessed the longitudinal change rate in BAG in individuals with MS. MS patients showed significantly higher BAG (4.4 ± 6.6 years) compared to HC (Cohen's D = 0.69,
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.