ReviewDevelopmental cell2019
Morpholinos Do Not Elicit an Innate Immune Response during Early Xenopus Embryogenesis.
Review in Developmental cell, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Met regulates endoderm migration in zebrafish.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- TRIM7-mediated autophagy-lysosomal signaling is essential for preimplantation development in mice.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Supracellular contractility in Xenopus embryo epithelia regulated by extracellular ATP and the purinergic receptor P2Y2.Journal of cell science · 2025Article
- The dishevelled associated activator of morphogenesis protein 2 (Daam2) regulates neural tube closure.Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists · 2024Article
- Molecular basis of urostyle development in frogs: genes and gene regulation underlying an evolutionary novelty.Open biology · 2024Article
- G-rich motifs within phosphorothioate-based antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) drive activation of FXN expression through indirect effects.Nucleic acids research · 2022Article
- Aquatic Freshwater Vertebrate Models of Epilepsy Pathology: Past Discoveries and Future Directions for Therapeutic Discovery.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Tissue-Targeted CRISPR-Cas9-Mediated Genome Editing of Multiple Homeologs in FCold Spring Harbor protocols · 2022Article
- Noncoding-RNA-Based Therapeutics with an Emphasis on Prostatic Carcinoma-Progress and Challenges.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Conditional gene knockdowns in sea urchins using caged morpholinos.Developmental biology · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
It has recently been reported that a common side effect of translation-blocking morpholino antisense oligonucleotides is the induction of a set of innate immune response genes in Xenopus embryos and that splicing-blocking morpholinos lead to unexpected off-target mis-splicing events. Here, we present an analysis of all publicly available Xenopus RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data in a reexamination of the effects of translation-blocking morpholinos on the innate immune response. Our analysis does not support the authors' general conclusion, which was based on a limited number of RNA-seq datasets. Moreover, the strong induction of an immune response appears to be specific to the tbxt/tbxt2 morpholinos. The more comprehensive study presented here indicates that using morpholinos for targeted gene knockdowns remains of considerable value for the rapid identification of gene function.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.