ArticleJournal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR2019
The Impact of the Spanish-to-English Proficiency Shift on the Grammaticality of English Learners.
Article in Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Disentangling Bilingualism and Developmental Language Disorder in the Acquisition of Spanish Verbal Agreement Morphology.Journal of child language · 2026Article
- Development of intrasentential code-switching patterns in Spanish-speaking English learners.Child development · 2026Article
- From Recognition to Production: Receptive and Expressive Cross-Situational Word Learning in Monolingual and Bilingual Children.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Language use and attitudinal patterns among Spanish- and Vietnamese-speaking bilingual children in the United States.International journal of bilingual education and bilingualism · 2026Article
- Continuous Effects of Language Ability and Relative Proficiency on Bilingual Children's Production of Four Advanced Syntactic Constructions.Bilingualism (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- What Can English Tell Us? English Tense/Agreement Measures as Tools for Identification of Spanish-English Bilingual Children With Developmental Language Disorder.American journal of speech-language pathology · 2026Article
- Characterizing the Growth in Utterance Length, Grammaticality, and Subordination in Spanish and English in Bilingual Children.Language, speech, and hearing services in schools · 2026Article
- Bilingual Narrative Development: Analyzing Sentences and Stories Within and Across Languages.The international journal of bilingualism : cross-disciplinary, cross-linguistic studies of language behavior · 2026Article
- Language Proficiency and Narrative Macrostructure in Spanish-English Bilingual Children.American journal of speech-language pathology · 2026Article
- Disentangling bilingualism and developmental language disorder in the acquisition of Spanish articles and clitics: Quantitative and qualitative contributions.Journal of child language · 2025Article
- Heritage language development in Spanish-English-speaking preschoolers: Influences on growth and challenges in the first year of English-only instruction.Journal of child language · 2025Article
- Impact of Academic Language of Instruction on Spanish and English Growth and Loss in Bilingual Children.Language, speech, and hearing services in schools · 2025Article
- Considering bias in language assessment with bilingual children.Bilingualism (Cambridge, England) · 2025Article
- Speech-Language Pathologists' Language Practices during Speech-Language Therapy for Bilingual Children.Perspectives of the ASHA special interest groups · 2025Article
- Predicting language dominance in Spanish/English bilingual adults based on relative speech-in-speech recognition scores.The international journal of bilingualism : cross-disciplinary, cross-linguistic studies of language behavior · 2024Article
- Diagnostic Accuracy of Grammaticality and Utterance Length in Bilingual Children.Language, speech, and hearing services in schools · 2024Article
- Spanish Bilingual Morphosyntactic Development in Bilingual Children With and Without Developmental Language Disorder: Articles, Clitics, Verbs, and the Subjunctive Mood.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2023Article
- A Narrative Approach to Synthesizing Research on Vietnamese Bilingual and Monolingual Children.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2023Review
- Understanding the Microstructure and Macrostructure Narrative Skills of Bilingual Adolescents in Relation to Their Language Experience.Language, speech, and hearing services in schools · 2023Article
- Bilingual Vocabulary Assessment: Examining Single-Language, Conceptual, and Total Scoring Approaches.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Purpose The general aim of this study is to enhance our understanding of the patterns of language growth in Spanish and English during the school years. In this study, we used a longitudinal retrospective approach to explore the growth of the percentage of grammatical utterances (PGU) in both Spanish and English in 2 groups of English learners (ELs): ELs attending English-only instruction and ELs attending Spanish-English bilingual instruction. Method The participants included 1,080 ELs. ELs produced at least 3 story retells in both Spanish and English between kindergarten and 2nd grade. All stories were transcribed and coded for errors, and PGU was calculated for each story. Results At the onset of the study, children showed higher PGU in Spanish and lower PGU in English. Growth curve analysis indicated that PGU in English improved over time, whereas PGU in Spanish declined in both instructional groups. However, those children who were in bilingual programs showed a slower rate of decline in Spanish PGU and a slower rate of improvement in English PGU. By the age of 9 years, children in English-only programs had approximately a Spanish PGU of 65% in Spanish, whereas children in bilingual instruction had an average Spanish PGU of 80%. The improvement in English PGU was steady with a small difference in the rate of growth benefiting children in English-only programs. Conclusion The results of this study document a shift in language proficiency from Spanish to English during the school years. This study offers evidence of a temporary period of relatively low grammaticality in both languages that seems to be the result of a shift in proficiency from Spanish to English.
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