SynthesisSchizophrenia bulletin2020
A Meta-analysis of Retinal Cytoarchitectural Abnormalities in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder.
Synthesis in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neuroretinal Alterations in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: An Updated Meta-analysis.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2024Pooled it
- Retina as a potential biomarker in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis of optical coherence tomography and electroretinography.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Retinal layers and associated clinical factors in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Structural brain imaging studies offer clues about the effects of the shared genetic etiology among neuropsychiatric disorders.Molecular psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- Retinal Changes in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Based on Individual Participant Data.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2020Pooled it
- Retinal Origins of Aberrant Salience in Schizophrenia: The Perceptual Theory.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Review
- Estimating Accelerated Retinal Decline in Mental Health Disorders Through Normative Modeling.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Can the Posterior Segment Findings of the Eye and Serum Microbiota Metabolites Be a Biomarker in Schizophrenia?Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Retina in Clinical High-Risk and First-Episode Psychosis.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- The Retinal Age Gap as a Marker of Accelerated Aging in the Early Course of Schizophrenia.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Risk of retinal disease and visual impairment in individuals with psychiatric disorders.Eye (London, England) · 2025Article
- Exploring the relationship between the density of the iris color and bipolar disorder: a case-control study, Egypt.Annals of general psychiatry · 2025Article
- Thinning of central foveal thickness in the retina of patients with schizophrenia.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2025Article
- Retinal biomarkers in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: evidence and implications for the neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative models.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Painting psychosis: an empirical investigation of the self-portraits of Edvard Munch.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Retinal Optical Coherence Tomography in Bipolar Disorder: A Scoping Review.Neuropsychobiology · 2025Article
- Cerebral perfusion differences in the visual cortex and fusiform subregions across the psychosis spectrum.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- On the improvement of schizophrenia detection with optical coherence tomography data using deep neural networks and aggregation functions.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Association between a large change between the minimum and maximum monthly values of solar insolation and a history of suicide attempts in bipolar I disorder.International journal of bipolar disorders · 2024Article
- Retinal abnormalities and their relationship with social cognition in patients with schizophrenia and their healthy siblings.Dusunen adam : Bakirkoy Ruh ve Sinir Hastaliklari Hastanesi yayin organi · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSchizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) are characterized by reductions in gray matter and white matter. Limitations in brain imaging have led researchers to use optical coherence tomography (OCT) to explore retinal imaging biomarkers of brain pathology. We examine the retinal layers that may be associated with SZ or BD.
methodsArticles identified using PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Database. Twelve studies met inclusion for acutely/chronically ill patients. We used fixed or random effects meta-analysis for probands (SZ and BD), SZ or BD eyes vs healthy control (HC) eyes. We adjusted for sources of bias, cross-validated results, and report standardized mean differences (SMD). Statistical analysis performed using meta package in R.
resultsData from 820 proband eyes (SZ = 541, BD = 279) and 904 HC eyes were suitable for meta-analysis. The peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) showed significant thinning in SZ and BD eyes compared to HC eyes (n = 12, SMD = -0.74, -0.51, -1.06, respectively). RNFL thinning was greatest in the nasal, temporal, and superior regions. The combined peripapillary ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer (GCL-IPL) showed significant thinning in SZ and BD eyes compared to HC eyes (n = 4, SMD = -0.39, -0.44, -0.28, respectively). No statistically significant differences were identified in other retinal or choroidal regions. Clinical variables were unrelated to the RNFL or GCL-IPL thickness by meta-regression.
conclusionThe observed retinal layer thinning is consistent with the classic gray- and white-matter atrophy observed on neuroimaging in SZ and BD patients. OCT may be a useful biomarker tool in studying the neurobiology of psychosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.