ArticleMicrobiology spectrum2019
Virulence Plasmids of the Pathogenic Clostridia.
Article in Microbiology spectrum, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Innovative Approaches Against Planktonic and Biofilm-ProducingVeterinary sciences · 2026Review
- Virulence, antimicrobial resistance, and mobile genetic elements profile ofOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Genetic characterization of gut-associatedFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Milestones in Clostridium perfringens research since 1995.Anaerobe · 2025Review
- Comparative Phylogenetic Analysis and Protein Prediction Reveal the Taxonomy and Diverse Distribution of Virulence Factors in FoodborneEvolutionary bioinformatics online · 2024Article
- Foodborne Clostridioides Species: Pathogenicity, Virulence and Biocontrol Options.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Genome characteristics of themSystems · 2023Article
- Effects of Different Preparation Methods on Microbiota Composition of Fecal Suspension.Molecular biotechnology · 2023Article
- Extensive genome analysis identifies novel plasmid families inMicrobial genomics · 2023Article
- Populational genomic insights ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Article
- Evaluation of Predisposing Factors of Necrotic Enteritis in Experimentally Challenged Broiler Chickens.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Pathogenicity and virulence ofVirulence · 2021Article
- Classifying mobile genetic elements and their interactions from sequence data: The importance of existing biological knowledge.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The clostridia cause a spectrum of diseases in humans and animals ranging from life-threatening tetanus and botulism, uterine infections, histotoxic infections and enteric diseases, including antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and food poisoning. The symptoms of all these diseases are the result of potent protein toxins produced by these organisms. These toxins are diverse, ranging from a multitude of pore-forming toxins to phospholipases, metalloproteases, ADP-ribosyltransferases and large glycosyltransferases. The location of the toxin genes is the unifying theme of this review because with one or two exceptions they are all located on plasmids or on bacteriophage that replicate using a plasmid-like intermediate. Some of these plasmids are distantly related whilst others share little or no similarity. Many of these toxin plasmids have been shown to be conjugative. The mobile nature of these toxin genes gives a ready explanation of how clostridial toxin genes have been so widely disseminated both within the clostridial genera as well as in the wider bacterial community.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.