ReviewFrontiers in endocrinology2019
Autoimmune Disease in Women: Endocrine Transition and Risk Across the Lifespan.
Review in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 126 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
126 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 265 citations in OpenAlex.
- Islet-autoantibodies in gestational diabetes and risk of progression to postpartum diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- The crosstalk between polycystic ovary syndrome and Hashimoto thyroiditis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Sex differences in adverse events among cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors: the MOUSEION-07 systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Sex ratio and age of onset in AQP4 antibody-associated NMOSD: a review and meta-analysis.Journal of neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Autoimmune diseases and adverse pregnancy outcomes: an umbrella review.BMC medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Selenium Supplementation in Patients with Hashimoto Thyroiditis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.Thyroid : official journal of the American Thyroid Association · 2024Pooled it
- A systematic review exploring the bidirectional relationship between puberty and autoimmune rheumatic diseases.Pediatric rheumatology online journal · 2021Pooled it
- Meta-Analysis of miRNA Variants Associated with Susceptibility to Autoimmune Disease.Disease markers · 2021Pooled it
- Sex steroids and autoimmune rheumatic diseases: state of the art.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2020Pooled it
- The role of gut microbiome in aging-associated diseases: where do we stand now and how technology will transform the future.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- The HIV Reservoir and Immune Landscape Across the Life Course of Women: Implications for Cure Strategies.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2026Review
- Long-Lasting Antibody and CD8Vaccines · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular Health in Women-Across the Lifespan.Clinical endocrinology · 2026Review
- From perimenopause to neuroinflammation: Rethinking a case of late-onset mania.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2026Article
- Myelitis-Predominant Aggressive Phenotype: Unveiling Unique Patterns of Late-Onset Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders.Annals of neurology · 2026Article
- Idiotype-specific CD4Nature communications · 2026Article
- Fasting and Nutrition as Promising Treatment Strategies for Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis in Transitional Hormonal Stages.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Clinical spectrum of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome carriers: Self-reported survey of 193 carriers.Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Translational MicroRNA research in COVID-19: bridging in Silico prediction with clinical biomarker potential.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Comparative disease burden and trends of autoimmune diseases in China and G20 countries: an analysis of the global burden of disease study 2023.Immunologic research · 2026Article
66 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Women have a higher incidence and prevalence of autoimmune diseases than men, and 85% or more patients of multiple autoimmune diseases are female. Women undergo sweeping endocrinological changes at least twice during their lifetime, puberty and menopause, with many women undergoing an additional transition: pregnancy, which may or may not be accompanied by breastfeeding. These endocrinological transitions exert significant effects on the immune system due to interactions between the hormonal milieu, innate, and adaptive immune systems as well as pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and thereby modulate the susceptibility of women to autoimmune diseases. Conversely, pre-existing autoimmune diseases themselves impact endocrine transitions. Concentration-dependent effects of estrogen on the immune system; the role of progesterone, androgens, leptin, oxytocin, and prolactin; and the interplay between Th1 and Th2 immune responses together maintain a delicate balance between host defense, immunological tolerance and autoimmunity. In this review, multiple autoimmune diseases have been analyzed in the context of each of the three endocrinological transitions in women. We provide evidence from human epidemiological data and animal studies that endocrine transitions exert profound impact on the development of autoimmune diseases in women through complex mechanisms. Greater understanding of endocrine transitions and their role in autoimmune diseases could aid in prediction, prevention, and cures of these debilitating diseases in women.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.