ArticleBMJ open2019
Sociodemographic factors in relation to hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment and control in a multi-ethnic Asian population: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMJ open, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- Disparities in Prevalence and Barriers to Hypertension Control: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Long-term Trends in Hypertension Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, and Control Rate in the Middle East and North Africa: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of 178 Population-Based Studies.Current hypertension reports · 2021Pooled it
- Hearts in motion: Evaluating the utility of a mobile health unit in Ireland for cardiovascular disease prevention.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Socioeconomic gradients in hypertension prevalence and management: a cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Impact of Key Lifestyle Behaviors on Hypertension Control: Implications for Optimizing Patient Management.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Barriers to Blood Pressure Control in Treated Patients Attending Public Primary Healthcare Clinics in Gaborone, Botswana.Public health challenges · 2025Article
- Implementation of a Digital Health Intervention (CHAMP) for Self-Monitoring of Hypertension: Protocol for 3 Interlinked Implementation Studies.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Household food insecurity, sociodemographic and lifestyle risk factors associated with high blood pressure among women in farming communities in Ghana.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- A point-based cognitive impairment scoring system for southeast Asian adults.The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease · 2025Article
- Association between equivalized annual household income and regular medical visits for hypertensive patients since the COVID-19 outbreak.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2025Article
- The impact of dietary consumption on hypertension in indonesia: An analysis of indonesian health survey 2023.Journal of education and health promotion · 2025Article
- A Global Perspective on Socioeconomic Determinants of Cardiovascular Health.The Canadian journal of cardiology · 2025Review
- Hypertension and global DNA methylation: a population-based study in rural, Punjab, India.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Socio-demographic and lifestyle factors associated with hypertension in Nigeria: results from a country-wide survey.Journal of human hypertension · 2024Article
- Management of Hypertension in the Asia-Pacific Region: A Structured Review.American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions · 2024Review
- Trends in hemorrhagic stroke incidence and mortality in a National Stroke Registry of a multi-ethnic Asian population.European stroke journal · 2024Article
- Characteristics and clinical outcomes of people with hypertension receiving continuous care in Thailand: a cross-sectional study.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2024Article
- Sex differences in the association between socioeconomic status and untreated hypertension among residents with hypertension in rural Khánh Hòa, Vietnam: a post-hoc analysis.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2024Article
- Facilitators and barriers to hypertension management in urban Nepal: findings from a qualitative study.Open heart · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesLiterature suggested that multi-ethnic Western populations experienced differential hypertension outcomes, but evidence is limited in Asia. This study was aimed to determine sociodemographic correlates of hypertension and its awareness, treatment and control among a multi-ethnic Asian population living in Singapore.
settingWe used cross-sectional data of participants from the Multi-Ethnic Cohort (MEC) (n=14 530) recruited in Singapore between 2004 and 2010.
participantsParticipants who completed questionnaire and attended health examination, without cardiovascular diseases, cancer, stroke, renal failure, asthma and mental illnesses were included in the study. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine sociodemographics factors associated with hypertension, unawareness of having hypertension, untreated and uncontrolled hypertension.
resultsAmong 10 215 participants (47.2% Chinese, 26.0% Malay and 26.8% Indian), hypertension prevalence was estimated to be 31.1%. Older age, Malay ethnicity, male, lower educational level and being homemaker or retired/unemployed were factors significantly associated with hypertension. Stratified analysis suggested that age and education were consistently associated with hypertension across all ethnic groups. The proportions of being unaware, untreated and uncontrolled were 49.0%, 25.2% and 62.4%, respectively. Ethnicity and younger age were associated with unawareness; younger age, male and lower educational level were associated with untreated hypertension and older age was associated with uncontrolled hypertension.
conclusionsIn this study, ethnic differences in relation to hypertension were associated with sociodemographic variability in ethnic groups. Age and educational level were consistent correlates of hypertension in all ethnic groups. Unawareness and uncontrolled hypertension were common in this Asian population and associated with sociodemographic factors. More targeted strategies may be required to overcome the observed disparities.
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