ArticleInternational journal of cancer2020
Cervical cancer case-control audit: Results from routine evaluation of a nationwide cervical screening program.
Article in International journal of cancer, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06550583 (A Clinical Audit on Screening Program for Early Cervical Cancer Detection.), which is not on this map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Clinical Audit on Screening Program for Early Cervical Cancer Detection.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of Organized Cervical Cancer Screening Programs on Incidence and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of prevention (2022) · 2026Pooled it
- Exposure Definition in Case-Control Studies of Cervical Cancer Screening: A Systematic Literature Review.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2021Pooled it
- Participation and relative cost of attendance by direct-mail compared to opt-in invitation strategy for HPV self-sampling targeting cervical screening non-attenders: A large-scale, randomized, pragmatic study.International journal of cancer · 2025Trial
- Human papillomavirus infection and risk of cardiovascular disease: A population-based matched cohort study with sibling analysis.PLoS medicine · 2026Article
- Nationwide audit of cervical cancer screening reveals unsatisfactory triage strategies and trends over time in incidence among cytology negative women.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Quality indicators for cervical screening in Sweden.Journal of medical screening · 2026Article
- Rural-Urban Differences in Cervical Cancer Screening Patterns: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the 2021 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS).The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association · 2026Article
- Cancer detection using human papillomavirus self-sampling targeting long-term non-attenders in an organized cervical screening program.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Prediction models for high-grade cervical lesions or worse using machine learning.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Self-collected vaginal HPV samples for long-term non-attendees in the Swedish organized cervical cancer screening program.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2025Article
- Nationwide registry-based trial of risk-stratified cervical screening.International journal of cancer · 2025Article
- Cervical cancer trends, HPV vaccine utilization, and screening in low- and lower-middle-income countries: an updated review.Therapeutic advances in vaccines and immunotherapy · 2025Review
- Cervical cancer in Region Skåne, Sweden 2017-2020 after the implementation of primary HPV screening: A quality assurance audit.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2024Article
- Impact of cervical screening by human papillomavirus genotype: Population-based estimations.PLoS medicine · 2023Article
- Overall and Cervical Cancer Survival in Patients With and Without Mental Disorders.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Knowledge, willingness, uptake and barriers of cervical cancer screening services among Chinese adult females: a national cross-sectional survey based on a large e-commerce platform.BMC women's health · 2023Article
- Utilization of cervical cancer screening services and its associated factors in Iran: a case-control study.Infectious agents and cancer · 2023Article
- Cervical cancer screening guidelines and screening practices in 11 countries: A systematic literature review.Preventive medicine reports · 2022Article
- False Negative Results in Cervical Cancer Screening-Risks, Reasons and Implications for Clinical Practice and Public Health.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Status quo and problem analysis of cervical cancer screening program in China: Based on RE-AIM framework.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Our study used a refined case-control cervical cancer Audit framework to investigate effectiveness of cervical screening, with measures of three screening failures: irregular-participation, cervical cancer developed after cytological abnormalities and after normal screening results. The register-based study included 4,254 cervical cancer cases diagnosed in Sweden during 2002-2011, and 30 population-based controls per case. We used conditional logistic regression models to examine relative risks of cervical cancer in relation to screening participation and screening results in the past two screening rounds from 6 months before cancer diagnosis. We found that women unscreened in past two screening rounds showed four times increased risk of cervical cancer compared to women screened in time (OR = 4.1, 95% CI = 3.8-4.5), and women unscreened in the previous round but screened in the most recent round also showed a statistically significantly elevated risk (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.5-1.8). Women having abnormality in previous two rounds exhibited higher risk of cervical cancer compared to women screened with normal results, while having normal results in the subsequent round after the abnormality also yielded an increased risk (OR = 4.0, 95% CI = 3.2-5.1). Being screened with only normal results was associated with 89% risk reduction for squamous cell cancer, compared to women unscreened, but only 60% reduction for adenocarcinoma. Our findings emphasize the importance of routine participation in cervical screening and suggest that management of abnormalities, as well as sensitivity of the test, warrants improvement especially for preventing cervical adenocarcinoma. The Audit framework serves as routine evaluation model and the findings benchmark for future evaluation of changes in screening practice.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.