ArticleJournal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society2020
Prospective Cohort Study of Next-Generation Sequencing as a Diagnostic Modality for Unexplained Encephalitis in Children.
Article in Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring the link between parvovirus B19 and encephalitis: a systematic review and comprehensive meta-analysis of molecular and serological evidence.Virology journal · 2025Pooled it
- Diagnostic performance of metagenomic next-generation sequencing for the detection of pathogens in cerebrospinal fluid in pediatric patients with central nervous system infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Diagnostic accuracy of the metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) for detection of bacterial meningoencephalitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2022Pooled it
- Diagnostic value of mNGS for CNSIs in hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients.Blood science (Baltimore, Md.) · 2026Article
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing in Pediatric Central Nervous System Infection: Clinical Experience and Diagnostic Stewardship Strategies.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Clinical application value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in children with fever of unknown origin.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Next-generation sequencing reveals viral aetiologies of encephalitis in Ghana: a prospective cross-sectional study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- A review of the mechanism, diagnosis, and treatment ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Clinical Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing for Diagnosis of Central Nervous System Infections: Advances and Challenges.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2024Review
- Application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in the clinical diagnosis of infectious diseases after allo-HSCT: a single-center analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Clinical metagenomics-challenges and future prospects.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Successful Treatment of Balamuthia mandrillaris Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis with Nitroxoline.Emerging infectious diseases · 2023Article
- The Diagnostic Value of Blood Next-Generation Sequencing in Early Surgical Site Infection After Spine Surgery.International journal of general medicine · 2023Article
- Metagenomic data from cerebrospinal fluid permits tracing the origin and spread of Neisseria meningitidis CC4821 in China.Communications biology · 2022Article
- SubacuteThe Journal of international medical research · 2022Article
- Application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in cutaneous tuberculosis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing for Diagnosis of Pediatric Meningitis and Encephalitis: A Review.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2021Review
- Enhanced Virus Detection and Metagenomic Sequencing in Patients with Meningitis and Encephalitis.mBio · 2021Article
- Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing for Pathogen Detection and Transcriptomic Analysis in Pediatric Central Nervous System Infections.Open forum infectious diseases · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEncephalitis is an inflammatory condition of the brain associated with long-term neurologic sequelae and even death in children. Although viruses are often implicated, an etiology is not identified in the majority of cases. Metagenomics-based next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is a high-throughput sequencing technique that can enhance the detection of novel or low-frequency pathogens.
methodsHospitalized immunocompetent children aged 6 months to 18 years with encephalitis of unidentified etiology were eligible for enrollment. Demographic, historical, and clinical information was obtained, and residual blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were subjected to mNGS. Pathogens were identified by querying the sequence data against the NCBI GenBank database.
resultsTwenty children were enrolled prospectively between 2013 and 2017. mNGS of CSF identified 7 nonhuman nucleic acid sequences of significant frequency in 6 patients, including that of Mycoplasma bovis, parvovirus B19, Neisseria meningitidis, and Balamuthia mandrillaris. mNGS also detected Cladophialophora species, tobacco mosaic virus, and human bocavirus, which were presumed to be contaminants or nonpathogenic organisms. One patient was found to have positive serology results for California encephalitis virus, but mNGS did not detect it. Patients for whom mNGS identified a diagnosis had a significantly higher CSF white blood cell count, a higher CSF protein concentration, and a lower CSF glucose level than patients for whom mNGS did not identify a diagnosis.
conclusionWe describe here the results of a prospective cohort analysis to evaluate mNGS as a diagnostic tool for children with unexplained encephalitis. Although mNGS detected multiple nonpathogenic organisms, it also identified multiple pathogens successfully and was most useful in patients with a CSF abnormality.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.