ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2019
Methodological Challenges When Studying Distance to Care as an Exposure in Health Research.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Selection Biases in Perinatal Research: A Comparison of Inverse Probability Weighting, Instrumental Variable and Sibling-Comparison Design.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2026Article
- Does marginalization status and distance from the hospital impact the timing of pediatric pyeloplasty in a universal access-to-care system?Canadian Urological Association journal = Journal de l'Association des urologues du Canada · 2025Article
- Strategies to Assess the Effect of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Long-Term Clinically Important Outcomes among Patients with Symptomatic Obstructive Sleep Apnea: An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2023Article
- The Relation Between Travel Distance and Overall Survival for HPV-Associated Cancers in a High-Burden State.Journal of registry management · 2023Article
- Distance to Multidisciplinary Team Clinic in Gaborone, Botswana, and Stage at Cervical Cancer Presentation for Women Living With and Without HIV.JCO global oncology · 2022Article
- Changes in Behavior with Increasing Pregnancy Attempt Time: A Prospective Cohort Study.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2020Article
- Too poor or too far? Partitioning the variability of hospital-based childbirth by poverty and travel time in Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria and Tanzania.International journal for equity in health · 2020Article
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14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Distance to care is a common exposure and proposed instrumental variable in health research, but it is vulnerable to violations of fundamental identifiability conditions for causal inference. We used data collected from the Botswana Birth Outcomes Surveillance study between 2014 and 2016 to outline 4 challenges and potential biases when using distance to care as an exposure and as a proposed instrument: selection bias, unmeasured confounding, lack of sufficiently well-defined interventions, and measurement error. We describe how these issues can arise, and we propose sensitivity analyses for estimating the degree of bias.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.