ArticleAddiction (Abingdon, England)2019
Saliva cotinine concentrations in pregnant women who smoke and use nicotine patches.
Article in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmacological interventions for promoting smoking cessation during pregnancy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Article
- Using nicotine replacement therapy for smoking reduction in pregnancy: a qualitative study of pregnant women in the UK who smoke.BMJ open · 2024Article
- The Relationship Between Reported Daily Nicotine Dose from NRT and Daily Cigarette Consumption in Pregnant Women Who Smoke in an Observational Cohort Study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Observational
- Comparison of saliva cotinine and exhaled carbon monoxide concentrations when smoking and after being offered dual nicotine replacement therapy in pregnancy.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2022Article
- Practitioners' Views on Nicotine Replacement Therapy in Pregnancy during Lapse and for Harm Reduction: A Qualitative Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- Saliva cotinine concentrations in pregnant women who smoke and use nicotine patches.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsDue to concerns about increased exposure to nicotine, pregnant women using nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) to stop smoking are usually advised to stop using NRT if they relapse to smoking. This study investigated whether this is justified. We compared changes in saliva cotinine from baseline to 2 weeks post-target quit date pregnant smokers who relapsed to smoking and continued to use their patches having been assigned to use nicotine patches or placebo. DESIGN AND
settingControlled pre-post design stratified by intervention condition from the 'Study of Nicotine Patch in Pregnancy', a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
participantsA sample of 268 pregnant women, assigned placebo (n = 122) or nicotine (n = 146) patches, who returned for further supplies of patches and who reported any smoking in the week prior to a visit at 2 weeks after their target quit date. MEASUREMENTS: Saliva cotinine concentrations were measured at baseline and 2 weeks after participants' target quit dates. Any smoking in the previous week was assessed by self-report, validated by expired air carbon monoxide (CO).
findingsThere was no change in saliva cotinine concentrations between baseline and 2 weeks post-target quit date in saliva cotinine concentration in the nicotine patch group [ratio of geometric means = 0.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.83 to 1.07; P = 0.37, Bayes factor = 0.15]. However, there was a reduction in reported number of cigarettes smoked/day (mean difference -6, 95% CIs -7 to -5, P < 0.001) and in CO concentrations (mean difference -3.0 parts per million, 95% CIs -4.2 to -1.9, P < 0.001). These changes were not significantly different from changes in the placebo group except for cigarette consumption, which reduced more in the nicotine group (P = 0.046).
conclusionsIn women trying to stop smoking with the aid of a nicotine patch but having smoked at 2 weeks post-target quit, their nicotine concentration did not change from baseline, but they reported smoking fewer cigarettes and had lower carbon monoxide concentrations.
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