ArticleCurrent opinion in behavioral sciences2019
Is Sexual Differentiation of Brain and Behavior Epigenetic?
Article in Current opinion in behavioral sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- On the importance of including both sexes in animal studies - insights from home-cage monitoring.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2026Review
- A Case Report of Tissue Mosaicism in 45,X0/46,XY: Diagnostic Complexity in a Newborn with Ambiguous Genitalia.Reports (MDPI) · 2025Article
- Exploring diversity: a review of animal models for investigating variations in sex characteristics.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Review
- Intergenerational Transmission of Maternal Childhood Maltreatment Prior to Birth: Effects on Human Fetal Amygdala Functional Connectivity.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2023Article
- A neuroscience-based approach to the assessment of sexual behavior in animals.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Review
- Sexual differentiation of brain and other tissues: Five questions for the next 50 years.Hormones and behavior · 2020Review
- Neonatal brain metabolite concentrations: Associations with age, sex, and developmental outcomes.PloS one · 2020Article
- Sexually Dimorphic Formation of the Preoptic Area and the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis by Neuroestrogens.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2020Review
- Male Ejaculatory Endophenotypes: Revealing Internal Inconsistencies of the Concept in Heterosexual Copulating Rats.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Sexual differentiation of brain and behavior is largely a hormonally driven process occurring perinatally in rodents and prenatally in primates. Considered early life programming, this process occurs at a time when the brain is remarkably immature and often does not manifest until reproductive maturity, raising the question of how brief hormonal exposure early in life could have such an enduring effect. Epigenetic modifications that occur early and persist into adulthood is one feasible explanation. Sufficient evidence exists to confirm that there are indeed epigenetic changes to specific brain regions induced by steroid hormones in males to differentiate them from females, but whether they persist into adulthood is unclear. Regardless, there are strong correlations between early epigenetic changes and adult brain and behavior. Moreover, although generally referred to as a permanent process, there is evidence that adult sex-typic behaviors are malleable and even reversible in mammals under certain conditions and these may be a function of epigenetic maintenance of gene expression that impacts behavior.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.