ReviewFrontiers in neuroscience2019
The Temperature Dependence of Sleep.
Review in Frontiers in neuroscience, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 106 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
106 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Footbath Effects and Optimal Procedures to Improve Sleep in Older Adults.Scandinavian journal of caring sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of Sleepwear Incorporating a DPV576 Functional Polyester Fabric on Wearable ECG-Derived Sleep Consolidation: A Randomized Two-Period Crossover Study Under Free-Living Conditions.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Trial
- Subjective and objective quality of sleep with radiant or convection cooling systems: a randomized, cross-over trial.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- The relationship between circadian type and physical activity as predictors of cognitive performance during simulated nightshifts: A randomised controlled trial.Chronobiology international · 2025Trial
- Microglia regulate sleep and thermoregulatory stability.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- The right temperature at the right time: A framework for understanding thermoregulatory pathophysiology in Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Review
- Clinical applicable skin-interfaced thermal guiding sensor for warning perioperative abnormalities in core body temperature and blood perfusion rate.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Heat, Brain, and Mental Health: Biological Mechanisms Underlying Climate-Related Psychiatric Outcomes.Biology · 2026Review
- Mechanisms of Heat-Induced Sleep Disruption in Aging: A Narrative Review.Clocks & sleep · 2026Review
- Hypothalamic thermoregulatory neurons divergently modulate isoflurane anesthesia via temperature dependent and independent mechanisms.iScience · 2026Article
- Wearable-derived skin temperature dynamics during sleep reveal cardiovascular perfusion deficits through mechanistic modeling.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- Thermoregulation in Sleep Disorders-Comprehensive Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Sleep and temperature data from wearable devices support noninvasive detection of diabetes mellitus in a large-scale, retrospective analysis.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Disrupted temperature-sleep coupling mechanism in a Dravet syndrome mouse model.Nature communications · 2026Article
- THERM-D Uncovers Distinct Neural Mechanisms Separating Morning and Evening Body Temperature Rhythms inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Prenatal exposure to extreme heat and autism in children.The Science of the total environment · 2026Article
- Association of bedroom particulate matter, sleep quality and next-day physical performance.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A temperature-controlled mattress cover is associated with improved subjective sleep in elite male Australian-rules football athletes: A 14-night parallel-group field study.Temperature (Austin, Tex.) · 2026Article
- How distinct are sleep sites from active sites across habitat types in lizards?Behavioral ecology and sociobiology · 2026Article
- Toward autonomous artificial intelligence agents in sports science: a modular framework for development, validation, and implementation.Biology of sport · 2026Review
46 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Mammals have evolved a range of behavioural and neurological mechanisms that coordinate cycles of thermoregulation and sleep. Whether diurnal or nocturnal, sleep onset and a reduction in core temperature occur together. Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep episodes are also accompanied by core and brain cooling. Thermoregulatory behaviours, like nest building and curling up, accompany this circadian temperature decline in preparation for sleeping. This could be a matter of simply comfort as animals seek warmth to compensate for lower temperatures. However, in both humans and other mammals, direct skin warming can shorten sleep-latency and promote NREM sleep. We discuss the evidence that body cooling and sleep are more fundamentally connected and that thermoregulatory behaviours, prior to sleep, form warm microclimates that accelerate NREM directly through neuronal circuits. Paradoxically, this warmth might also induce vasodilation and body cooling. In this way, warmth seeking and nesting behaviour might enhance the circadian cycle by activating specific circuits that link NREM initiation to body cooling. We suggest that these circuits explain why NREM onset is most likely when core temperature is at its steepest rate of decline and why transitions to NREM are accompanied by a decrease in brain temperature. This connection may have implications for energy homeostasis and the function of sleep.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.