ArticleMolecular genetics & genomic medicine2019
Cognitive and behavioral improvement in adults with fragile X syndrome treated with metformin-two cases.
Article in Molecular genetics & genomic medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04930471 (A Multi-center, Prospective, Cohort Study to Elucidate the Effects of Metformin Treatment on Steroid Hormones and Social Behavior. Linking Autistic Behaviorial Symptoms to Changes in Steroid Hormone Availability), which is not on this map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Multi-center, Prospective, Cohort Study to Elucidate the Effects of Metformin Treatment on Steroid Hormones and Social Behavior. Linking Autistic Behaviorial Symptoms to Changes in Steroid Hormone Availability
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of Metformin on children with Fragile X Syndrome: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Molecular autism · 2025Trial
- From Discovery to Innovative Translational Approaches in 80 Years of Fragile X Syndrome Research.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- State-of-the-art therapies for fragile X syndrome.Developmental medicine and child neurology · 2024Review
- A Comprehensive Review of Fragile X Syndrome and Fragile X Premutation Associated Conditions in Africa.Genes · 2024Review
- Longitudinal follow-up of metformin treatment in Fragile X Syndrome.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Progranulin is an FMRP target that influences macroorchidism but not behaviour in a mouse model of Fragile X Syndrome.Current research in neurobiology · 2023Article
- Review
- Light in the Rational Treatment of Autism? Effects of Metformin on Steroid Hormones in a Patient with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS).Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- ADGRL3 genomic variation implicated in neurogenesis and ADHD links functional effects to the incretin polypeptide GIP.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Metformin-Treatment Option for Social Impairment? An Open Clinical Trial to Elucidate the Effects of Metformin Treatment on Steroid Hormones and Social Behavior.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Fragile X Syndrome: From Molecular Aspect to Clinical Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Fragile X Syndrome: Lessons Learned and What New Treatment Avenues Are on the Horizon.Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology · 2022Article
- Dysregulation of BMP, Wnt, and Insulin Signaling in Fragile X Syndrome.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
- An Update on Psychopharmacological Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2022Review
- Transcriptional Regulation ofBiomolecules · 2021Article
- The Use of Peptides in the Treatment of Fragile X Syndrome: Challenges and Opportunities.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
- Metformin Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Depressive-Like Behaviors and Abnormal Glutamatergic Transmission.Biology · 2020Article
- Metformin Enhances Excitatory Synaptic Transmission onto Hippocampal CA1 Pyramidal Neurons.Brain sciences · 2020Article
- Elevated de novo protein synthesis in FMRP-deficient human neurons and its correction by metformin treatment.Molecular autism · 2020Article
- Metformin and cognition from the perspectives of sex, age, and disease.GeroScience · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe majority of individuals with fragile X syndrome (FXS) have intellectual disability, behavioral problems, autism, and language deficits. IQ typically declines with age in boys with the full mutation. The results of preclinical studies demonstrated that metformin, a biguanide used to treat type 2 diabetes, rescues multiple phenotypes of FXS in both Drosophila and mouse models. Preliminary studies of patients with FXS demonstrated improvements in behavior.
methodsHere, we present two cases of individuals who have been treated with metformin clinically for one year.
resultsBoth patients demonstrated significant cognitive and behavioral improvements. They also improved eating habits and normalization of their weight percentiles.
conclusionMetformin may be a candidate drug for treatment of several types of symptoms in individuals with FXS.
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