ReviewPharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior2019
Neuroinflammation as a risk factor for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Review in Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04497363 (Open Label Study for the Use of Transcranial Ultrasound Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder), which is not on this map. Cited by 146 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Open Label Study for the Use of Transcranial Ultrasound Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder
Who cites it
146 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 285 citations in OpenAlex.
- The impact of maternal vitamin D levels during pregnancy and risk of autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder diagnosis and symptoms in offspring: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Association of Kawasaki disease with intellectual disability, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Polyphenols: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Maternal exposure to pesticides and autism or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders in offspring: A meta-analysis.Chemosphere · 2023Pooled it
- Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, platelet to lymphocyte ratio, and monocyte to lymphocyte ratio in ADHD: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Pooled it
- Emerging findings of glutamate-glutamine imbalance in the medial prefrontal cortex in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: systematic review and meta-analysis of spectroscopy studies.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- A systematic review of transcranial direct current stimulation effects in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.Journal of affective disorders · 2020Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The association between ADHD and physical health: a co-twin control study.Scientific reports · 2020Trial
- The relationship between maternal adiposity during pregnancy and toddler ADHD symptoms is mediated by gestational inflammation.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Serum TLR4, NF-κB, and NLRP3 Levels in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Case-Control Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Kynurenine pathway dysregulation in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: Impact on N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and phasic dopamine maturation.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2026Review
- Peripheral Inflammation In Adult ADHD: Sex Differences And Hematological Markers.The Psychiatric quarterly · 2026Article
- Physical illnesses, mental or neurodevelopmental disorders, and multimorbidity in children: results from the Canadian Health Survey on Children and Youth.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2026Article
- Maternal systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases and childhood mental disorders: a nationwide cohort study.Lupus science & medicine · 2026Article
- Complement contributes to hyperactive behavior in the 16p11.2 hemideletion mouse model.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Metabolic Dysregulation in ADHD: Implications for Appetite, Sleep, Stress Reactivity, and Pharmacological Treatment.Metabolites · 2026Review
- Effects of exposure to lisdexamfetamine dimesylate on hepatic parameters of pubertal rats.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Autism and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Evidence from Genetic, Biochemical, and Neuroimaging Approaches.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
86 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a persistent, and impairing pediatric-onset neurodevelopmental condition. Its high prevalence, and recurrent controversy over its widespread identification and treatment, drive strong interest in its etiology and mechanisms. Emerging evidence for a role for neuroinflammation in ADHD pathophysiology is of great interest. This evidence includes 1) the above-chance comorbidity of ADHD with inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, 2) initial studies indicating an association with ADHD and increased serum cytokines, 3) preliminary evidence from genetic studies demonstrating associations between polymorphisms in genes associated with inflammatory pathways and ADHD, 4) emerging evidence that early life exposure to environmental factors may increase risk for ADHD via an inflammatory mechanism, and 5) mechanistic evidence from animal models of maternal immune activation documenting behavioral and neural outcomes consistent with ADHD. Prenatal exposure to inflammation is associated with changes in offspring brain development including reductions in cortical gray matter volume and the volume of certain cortical areas -parallel to observations associated with ADHD. Alterations in neurotransmitter systems, including the dopaminergic, serotonergic and glutamatergic systems, are observed in ADHD populations. Animal models provide strong evidence that development and function of these neurotransmitters systems are sensitive to exposure to in utero inflammation. In summary, accumulating evidence from human studies and animal models, while still incomplete, support a potential role for neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology of ADHD. Confirmation of this association and the underlying mechanisms have become valuable targets for research. If confirmed, such a picture may be important in opening new intervention routes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.