Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31102533›Full record

ArticleThe journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences2020

Change Over Time in Caregiving Networks for Older Adults With and Without Dementia.

Brenda C Spillman, Vicki A Freedman, Judith D Kasper, Jennifer L Wolff

Erratum issuedOpen access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 73 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
73citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
5.4field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

73 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 95 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Trial
  4. Trial
  5. Friend Caregivers Among Older Adults.JAMA network open · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Caregivers serving as confidants: relationship correlates and well-being by care-recipients' dementia status.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2026
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Dementia Severity Associated With Unmet Caregiving Needs During Skilled Home Health Care.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2026
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Factors Associated With Shifts in Caregiving During COVID-19.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2025
    Article
  15. Evolution of shared care networks by race and ethnicity: findings from the National Health and Aging Trends Study.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2025
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Nearly 4 in 10 extended families of older adults in the United States include an older relative with dementia.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Mapping the Trajectories of Social Relations for White, Black, and Hispanic/Latino Individuals Approaching Death With Dementia.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2025
    Article

13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Brenda C SpillmanHealth Policy Center, Urban Institute, Washington, DC.
Vicki A FreedmanInstitute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
Judith D KasperJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
Jennifer L WolffJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
Johns Hopkins University · USUniversity of Michigan–Ann Arbor · USUrban Institute · US

Funding

The National Health and Trends StudyU01AG032947 · NIA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI VICKI A. FREEDMAN, JENNIFER ANN SCHRACK · 2008 to 2026
$169.4M
Prognostic Significance of Family Caregiver Factors for Older Adult Health EventsR01AG047859 · NIA · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI WOLFF, JENNIFER L. · 2015 to 2018
$1.5M
NIA NIH HHS R01 AG047859NIA NIH HHS U01 AG032947
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesWe provide national estimates of caregiving networks for older adults with and without dementia and examine how these networks develop over time. Most prior research has focused on primary caregivers and rarely on change over time.

methodWe identify a cohort of older adults continuously followed in the National Health and Aging Trends Study between 2011 and 2015 and receiving help from family members or unpaid caregivers in 2015 (n = 1,288). We examine differences by dementia status in network size, types of assistance and task sharing, and composition-differentiating between "specialist" and "generalist" caregivers helping in one versus multiple activity domains. Multinomial regression is used to estimate change over time in network task sharing and composition.

resultsIn 2015, older adults with dementia had larger caregiving networks involving more task sharing than those without dementia and more often relied on generalist caregivers, especially the subset assisting with medical, household, and mobility or self-care activities. Uniformly greater reliance over time on these more intensely engaged generalist caregivers chiefly accounts for larger dementia networks. DISCUSSION: Findings lend support to the need for caregiver training on managing multiple task domains and-for dementia caregivers in particular-task-sharing skills. More generally, the design of new approaches to better support older adults and their caregivers should consider the complexity, heterogeneity, and change over time in caregiving networks.

Indexed as

Social NetworkingAgedAged, 80 and overCaregiversCase-Control StudiesDementiaFemaleHumansMaleTime FactorsCaregiversCommunity-based careNational Health and Aging Trends StudyTask sharing

Identifiers

PMID31102533
PMCPMC7424285
OpenAlexW2946162400

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.