ReviewDevelopmental medicine and child neurology2019
New approaches to studying early brain development in Down syndrome.
Review in Developmental medicine and child neurology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 48 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Phase (2) Clinical Trial Studying the Effect of Cerebrolysin on Physical and Mental Functions of Down Syndrome
Effects of Hippo Therapy Versus Balance Training on Balance and Functional Mobility in Children With Down's Syndrome
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-Analysis of Down Syndrome Cortical Development Reveals Underdeveloped State of the Science.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Craniofacial morphology in down syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2020Pooled it
- Using fMRI to Assess Brain Activity in People With Down Syndrome: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2020Pooled it
- Effect of Pilates exercises on balance and gross motor coordination in children with Down syndrome.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2024Trial
- Immersive reality training for gross motor outcomes in children with Down syndrome.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Multiomics and proteomic insights into Alzheimer's disease biology in Down syndrome.Expert review of neurotherapeutics · 2026Review
- Sex-specific developmental phenotypes and their response to neonatalbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The Genetic Origin of Uneven Cognitive Profiles in Heritable Neurodevelopmental Conditions and Individual Differences: Computational Investigations.Developmental science · 2026Article
- Synaptic and intrinsic membrane defects disrupt early neural network dynamics in Down syndrome.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The placental effects of trisomy for human chromosome 21 orthologs in four mouse models of Down syndrome.Biology open · 2025Article
- Development of Molecular Neuropathology in Down Syndrome across the Lifespan.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Review
- Article
- Neuronal oscillations in cognition: Down syndrome as a model of mouse to human translation.The Neuroscientist : a review journal bringing neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry · 2025Review
- Mitochondrial Imbalance in Down Syndrome: A Driver of Accelerated Brain Aging?Aging and disease · 2025Review
- A Dive Into Cerebellar Dysfunction, Motor Deficits and GABAergic Signaling in Down Syndrome.Cureus · 2025Review
- Analysis of genotype effects and inter-individual variability in iPSC-derived trisomy 21 neural progenitor cells.Human molecular genetics · 2025Article
- Brain volumes, cognitive, and adaptive skills in school-age children with Down syndrome.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2024Article
- Neurodevelopmental Abnormalities in Down Syndrome: Assessing Structural and Functional Deficits.Cureus · 2024Review
- Virtual Reality-Based Therapy Can Enhance Balance and Muscular Endurance in Children and Adolescents with Down Syndrome: A Systematic Review with a Meta-Analysis.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Consequences of trisomy 21 for brain development in Down syndrome.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Down syndrome is the most common genetic developmental disorder in humans and is caused by partial or complete triplication of human chromosome 21 (trisomy 21). It is a complex condition which results in multiple lifelong health problems, including varying degrees of intellectual disability and delays in speech, memory, and learning. As both length and quality of life are improving for individuals with Down syndrome, attention is now being directed to understanding and potentially treating the associated cognitive difficulties and their underlying biological substrates. These have included imaging and postmortem studies which have identified decreased regional brain volumes and histological anomalies that accompany early onset dementia. In addition, advances in genome-wide analysis and Down syndrome mouse models are providing valuable insight into potential targets for intervention that could improve neurogenesis and long-term cognition. As little is known about early brain development in human Down syndrome, we review recent advances in magnetic resonance imaging that allow non-invasive visualization of brain macro- and microstructure, even in utero. It is hoped that together these advances may enable Down syndrome to become one of the first genetic disorders to be targeted by antenatal treatments designed to 'normalize' brain development. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: Magnetic resonance imaging can provide non-invasive characterization of early brain development in Down syndrome. Down syndrome mouse models enable study of underlying pathology and potential intervention strategies. Potential therapies could modify brain structure and improve early cognitive levels. Down syndrome may be the first genetic disorder to have targeted therapies which alter antenatal brain development.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.