ReviewDigestive diseases and sciences2019
Going Against the Grains: Gluten-Free Diets in Patients Without Celiac Disease-Worthwhile or Not?
Review in Digestive diseases and sciences, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effects of a gluten-reduced or gluten-free diet for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Effects of Selected Cereal Concentrates and a Gluten-Free Diet on Ovarian, Testicular, and Thyroid Gland Morphology.Physiological research · 2026Article
- The Role of Nutrition in the Development, Management, and Prevention of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Comprehensive Review.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Prevalence and characteristics of adults avoiding gluten without celiac disease: a long-term population-based follow-up study.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- A gluten-free diet does not alter performance outcomes in nonceliac athletes undergoing sprint interval training: a pilot trial.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Article
- Characteristics of Hospitalized Patients With and Without Celiac Disease on a Gluten-Free Diet.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2024Article
- Non-celiac Gluten Intolerance: A Call to Clarify.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2023Article
- Evaluation of Gluten Exclusion for the Improvement of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Adults.Nutrients · 2022Review
- The Update of the Italian Food Composition Database of Gluten-Free Products and Its Application in Food-Based Dietary Guidelines Menus.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Calcium and Iron Content of Cereal-Based Gluten-Free Products.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Long-term Intake of Gluten and Cognitive Function Among US Women.JAMA network open · 2021Article
- Diet and depression: exploring the biological mechanisms of action.Molecular psychiatry · 2021Review
- Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity in the Context of Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders.Nutrients · 2020Review
- Cytokine release after gluten ingestion differentiates coeliac disease from self-reported gluten sensitivity.United European gastroenterology journal · 2020Observational
- Diabetogenic effect of gluten in Wistar albino rats: a preliminary preclinical screening.Medicine and pharmacy reports · 2020Article
- Article
- A Population Survey of Dietary Attitudes towards Gluten.Nutrients · 2019Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
While the gluten-free diet (GFD) is the only known effective therapy for celiac disease, in recent years it has become increasingly popular in the USA and worldwide, with many believing it to be more "healthful" and others claiming that it has beneficial effects for health conditions, many extraintestinal, other than celiac disease. This review examines the evidence for use of the GFD in patients without celiac disease who self-report intestinal and/or extraintestinal symptoms (non-celiac gluten sensitivity), as well as for enhancement of athletic performance and treatment of autism, rheumatoid arthritis, and psychiatric disorders. Overall, the evidence for use of GFDs in conditions other than celiac disease is poor. Though non-celiac gluten sensitivity may ultimately emerge as a biomarker-defined condition, a large proportion of patients with apparent non-celiac gluten sensitivity have, after careful investigation, an alternative diagnosis. In light of this, and coupled with the potential physical and psychological harms associated with the avoidance of gluten, initiating a GFD should not be encouraged for people who have these other conditions or are seeking physical/athletic enhancement.
Indexed as
Identifiers
31102129What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.