ArticleBreast cancer research : BCR2019
Identification of three subtypes of triple-negative breast cancer with potential therapeutic implications.
Article in Breast cancer research : BCR, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 116 citations in OpenAlex.
- Signaling Pathways and Natural Compounds in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Line.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Pooled it
- Exploring LTB-mediated T cell differentiation as a prognostic marker in triple-negative breast cancer.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Article
- Geospatial genetic evolution and phenotypic plasticity in triple-negative breast cancer.Genome medicine · 2026Article
- The neuro-vascular-immune triad: the interactive network in the tumor microenvironment.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- A Lamp2a-linked RNA secreted by ADSCs prevents ENO1-lactylation-glycolysis feedback and cell malignant behavior in triple-negative breast cancer.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Targeting sensory nerves in the tumor microenvironment: a new vulnerability in cancer therapy.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Study on Dual-Targeted Liposomes Containing Curcumin-Copper Chelate in the Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Tertiary lymphoid structures in breast cancer: formation, immune functions and clinical implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- FLT3LG as an inflammatory hub bridging tumor immune surveillance to therapy response in breast cancer.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Article
- Machine learning analysis reveals tumor heterogeneity and stromal-immune niches in breast cancer.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
- Utilizing cohort-level and individual networks to predict best response in patients with metastatic triple negative breast cancer.NPJ precision oncology · 2025Article
- Association between transcriptomic metrics of exogenous antigen presentation and adaptive immunity with locoregional recurrence in localized estrogen receptor negative breast cancer: retrospective review of multi-institutional datasets.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Article
- Article
- Investigating the Prognostic Role of Telomerase-Related Cellular Senescence Gene Signatures in Breast Cancer Using Machine Learning.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- A metabolic shift to the serine pathway induced by lipids fosters epigenetic reprogramming in nontransformed breast cells.Science advances · 2025Article
- Androgen receptor expression distribution characteristics in young female breast cancer patients in China: a study of clinicopathological features.Translational cancer research · 2025Article
- Divide and Conquer-Targeted Therapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Classifications of triple-negative breast cancer: insights and current therapeutic approaches.Cell & bioscience · 2025Review
- Targeting CD200 in Breast Cancer: Opportunities and Challenges in Immunotherapeutic Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Integrative analysis of homologous recombination repair patterns unveils prognostic signatures and immunotherapeutic insights in breast cancer.Journal of applied genetics · 2024Article
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 9 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHeterogeneity and lack of targeted therapies represent the two main impediments to precision treatment of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), and therefore, molecular subtyping and identification of therapeutic pathways are required to optimize medical care. The aim of the present study was to define robust TNBC subtypes with clinical relevance.
methodsGene expression profiling by means of DNA chips was conducted in an internal TNBC cohort composed of 238 patients. In addition, external data (n = 257), obtained by using the same DNA chip, were used for validation. Fuzzy clustering was followed by functional annotation of the clusters. Immunohistochemistry was used to confirm transcriptomics results: CD138 and CD20 were used to test for plasma cell and B lymphocyte infiltrations, respectively; MECA79 and CD31 for tertiary lymphoid structures; and UCHL1/PGP9.5 and S100 for neurogenesis.
resultsWe identified three molecular clusters within TNBC: one molecular apocrine (C1) and two basal-like-enriched (C2 and C3). C2 presented pro-tumorigenic immune response (immune suppressive), high neurogenesis (nerve infiltration), and high biological aggressiveness. In contrast, C3 exhibited adaptive immune response associated with complete B cell differentiation that occurs in tertiary lymphoid structures, and immune checkpoint upregulation. External cohort subtyping by means of the same approach proved the robustness of these results. Furthermore, plasma cell and B lymphocyte infiltrates, tertiary lymphoid structures, and neurogenesis were validated at the protein levels by means of histological evaluation and immunohistochemistry.
conclusionOur work showed that TNBC can be subcategorized in three different subtypes characterized by marked biological features, some of which could be targeted by specific therapies.
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