ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2019
Modulation of Helper T Cytokines in Thymus during Early Pregnancy in Ewes.
Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Progesterone-mediated immunomodulation in ruminant early pregnancy: mechanisms and implications for bovine fertility.Veterinary research communications · 2025Review
- Review
- LPS Regulates Endometrial Immune Homeostasis and Receptivity Through the TLR4/ERK Pathway in Sheep.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Effect of Organic Selenium Supplementation on the Antioxidant Status, Immune Response, and the Relative Expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ Genes in Ewes During the Hot Season.Biological trace element research · 2024Article
- Modulation of Nod-like Receptor Expression in the Thymus during Early Pregnancy in Ewes.Vaccines · 2022Article
- Role of hormones in the pregnancy and sex-specific outcomes to infections with respiratory viruses.Immunological reviews · 2022Review
- Effects of early pregnancy on the complement system in the ovine thymus.Veterinary research communications · 2022Article
- Endocrine disorders and fertility and pregnancy: An update.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- Genes and Pathways Affecting Sheep Productivity Traits: Genetic Parameters, Genome-Wide Association Mapping, and Pathway Enrichment Analysis.Frontiers in genetics · 2021Article
- Changes in expression of interferon-stimulated genes and ubiquitin activating enzyme E1-like in ovine thymus during early pregnancy.Animal reproduction · 2020Article
- Expression of melatonin receptors and CD4 in the ovine thymus, lymph node, spleen and liver during early pregnancy.Immunology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
There is an immune tolerance in maternal immune system during pregnancy, and thymus is a main organ of the immune system. Helper T (Th)1 and Th2 cytokines are involved in the regulation of immune system, but the modulation of Th cytokines in the thymus during early pregnancy is unclear in ewes. Thymuses were collected on day 16 of the estrous cycle, and on days 13, 16, and 25 of pregnancy in ewes. qRT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze the expression of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in the thymuses. There was a peak in the expression of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) on day 16 of pregnancy, an upregulation of tumor necrosis factor beta (TNF-β), and a sustained expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4. Furthermore, there was a peak in the expression of IL-6 on day 13 of pregnancy, no expression of IL-6 on day 16 of the estrous cycle and day 25 of pregnancy, and an upregulation of IL-5 and IL-10 in the thymuses during early pregnancy. The immunohistochemistry results revealed that the IFN-γ and IL-6 proteins were limited to the stromal cells, capillaries, and thymic corpuscles. In conclusion, early pregnancy influenced the production of Th1 and Th2 cytokines of maternal thymus in sheep.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.