SynthesisInternational journal of environmental research and public health2019
Psycho-Physiological Stress Recovery in Outdoor Nature-Based Interventions: A Systematic Review of the Past Eight Years of Research.
Synthesis in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
84 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The effectiveness of nature-based interventions on mental health: A systematic review.Applied psychology. Health and well-being · 2026Pooled it
- A systematic overview and second-order meta-analysis of nature-based interventions for stress, anxiety and depression.Nature human behaviour · 2026Pooled it
- Virtual Reality Interventions for Stress Reduction in the General Population: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of green exercise on mental health in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Nature-based interventions: a systematic review of reviews.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Mechanisms Underpinning Psychological Change Following Nature Exposure in an Adolescent Population.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- What Activities in Forests Are Beneficial for Human Health? A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Is altitude a determinant of the health benefits of nature exposure? A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2022Pooled it
- A Meta-Analysis of Emotional Evidence for the Biophilia Hypothesis and Implications for Biophilic Design.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Pooled it
- Nature's Role in Outdoor Therapies: An Umbrella Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- The Psychological and Physical Effects of Forests on Human Health: A Systematic Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Nature Exposure and Its Effects on Immune System Functioning: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Trial
- The effectiveness of nature-based therapy for community psychological distress and well-being during COVID-19: a multi-site trial.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Can natural environments enhance acute effects of rehabilitation exercise for older adults? A pilot randomized controlled trial.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2023Trial
- Brief repeated virtual nature contact for three weeks boosts university students' nature connectedness and psychological and physiological health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A pilot study.Frontiers in public health · 2022Trial
- Comparative Study of the Restorative Effects of Forest and Urban Videos during COVID-19 Lockdown: Intrinsic and Benchmark Values.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Trial
- 'An Embodied Journey Towards Recovery': A Grounded Theory of Mental Health Service Users' Experiences of a Nature-based Intervention.Scandinavian journal of occupational therapy · 2026Article
- Restoring well-being through nature: a mixed-methods study of co-designed therapeutic gardening among people experiencing homelessness.BMC public health · 2026Article
- The experiences and perspectives of participating in a nature integrative rehabilitation programme when suffering from post-concussion syndrome: responses, gains, and impact from using enriched nature environments as a rehabilitation setting and integrating nature as rehabilitation means.International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being · 2025Article
24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn modern, urban daily life, natural environments are increasingly recognized as an important resource for stress recovery and general well-being.
aimthe present review aims to provide an overview and synthesis of the past eight years' research into the psycho-physiological effects of outdoor nature-based interventions, related to stress recovery.
methoda structured search was performed in seven databases, returning 5618 articles. Removal of duplicates and initial screening gave a total of 95 studies. After full text reading, 36 studies were included in the assessment.
resultsmost of the psychological outcomes were related to different emotional measures. The synthesis of the results points towards outdoor, nature-based exposure having a positive effect on different emotional parameters, related to stress relief. The studies into physiological measures showed more equivocal results.
conclusionthe research, conducted over the past eight years, into outdoor, nature-based exposure has now attained a sound evidence base for psychological and especially emotional effects, but the evidence base for physiological effects within this timeframe shows a great degree of heterogeneity. LIMITATIONS: interpretation of the results is limited by the review only covering the past eight years' research on the subject.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.