ArticleAmbio2019
Risks to human health from ammunition-derived lead in Europe.
Article in Ambio, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Spatial distribution of persistent components of particulate matter near a hazardous waste thermal treatment facility.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2026Article
- Article
- Bioremoval of lead, cadmium, chromium, and nickel by multi-metal tolerant Kurthia gibsonii ES43G, Kluyvera cryocrescens ES45G and Comamonas aquatica ES54G.Folia microbiologica · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Diet and dog characteristics affect major and trace elements in hair and blood of healthy dogs.Veterinary research communications · 2022Article
- Article
- Article
- Toxic Metals in Wild Ungulates and Domestic Meat Animals Slaughtered for Food Purposes: A Systemic Review.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Lead Levels in Wild Boar Meat Sauce (Ragù) Sold on the Italian Market.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Article
- Follow-Up of Elevated Blood Lead Levels and Sources in a Cohort of Children in Benin.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Trace Elements in Home-Processed Food Obtained from Unconventional Animals.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Lead and Other Trace Elements in Danish Birds of Prey.Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology · 2019Article
- Marination increases the bioavailability of lead in game meat shot with lead ammunition.Journal of nutritional scienceArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
It has been known for centuries that lead is toxic to humans. Chronic exposure to lead, even at low levels, is associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease in adults and of impaired neurodevelopment and subsequent cognitive and behavioural development in the foetus and young children. Health agencies throughout the world have moved from assuming that there are tolerable levels of exposure to lead to a recognition that valid 'no-effect' thresholds cannot currently be defined. Formerly, the most important exposure pathways were occupational exposure, water from lead plumbing, paints, petrol additives and foods. Regulation of products and improved health and safety procedures at work have left dietary lead as the main remaining pathway of exposure in European countries. Ammunition-derived lead is now a significant cause of dietary lead exposure in groups of people who eat wild game meat frequently. These are mostly hunters, shoot employees and their families, but also some people who choose to eat game for ethical, health or other reasons, and their children. Extrapolation from surveys conducted in the UK and a review of studies of game consumption in other countries suggest that approximately 5 million people in the EU may be high-level consumers of lead-shot game meat and that tens of thousands of children in the EU may be consuming game contaminated with ammunition-derived lead frequently enough to cause significant effects on their cognitive development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.