ArticlePsychological research2020
Subjective emotional arousal: an explorative study on the role of gender, age, intensity, emotion regulation difficulties, depression and anxiety symptoms, and meta-emotion.
Article in Psychological research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Are patients with Parkinson's disease impaired in the recognition of emotion's authenticity?Journal of neuropsychology · 2025Article
- Reciprocal relations between dimensions of attention-deficit/hyperactivity and anxiety disorders from preschool age to adolescence: sex differences in a birth cohort sample.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2025Article
- The Emotion Authenticity Recognition (EAR) test: normative data of an innovative test using dynamic emotional stimuli to evaluate the ability to recognize the authenticity of emotions expressed by faces.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Article
- Sex Differences in Hierarchical and Modular Organization of Functional Brain Networks: Insights from Hierarchical Entropy and Modularity Analysis.Entropy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Willingness to take responsibility: Self-sacrifice versus sacrificing others in takeover decisions during autonomous driving.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Article
- Adult Age Differences in Evoked Emotional Responses to Dynamic Facial Expressions.The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2024Article
- The effect of emotion intensity on time perception: a study with transcranial random noise stimulation.Experimental brain research · 2023Article
- Emotional arousal and valence in patients with fibromyalgia: a pilot study.Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Sex-specific role of alexithymia in associations between parental bonding and mental health: A moderated mediation model.Journal of clinical psychology · 2023Article
- The Arousal-motor Hypothesis of Dopamine Function: Evidence that Dopamine Facilitates Reward Seeking in Part by Maintaining Arousal.Neuroscience · 2022Article
- Depression and Perceived Social Support among Unemployed Youths in China: Investigating the Roles of Emotion-Regulation Difficulties and Self-Efficacy.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Potential mechanisms underlying sleep disturbance in young people with borderline personality disorder features: an exploratory study.Borderline personality disorder and emotion dysregulation · 2022Article
- The acute and persisting impact of COVID-19 on trajectories of adolescent depression: Sex differences and social connectedness.Journal of affective disorders · 2022Article
- Social cognition training improves recognition of distinct facial emotions and decreases misattribution errors in healthy individuals.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Sensitivity to Emotion Intensity and Recognition of Emotion Expression in Neurotypical Children.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Emotion processing and regulation in major depressive disorder: A 7T resting-state fMRI study.Human brain mapping · 2021Article
- Narratives of Dreams and Waking Thoughts: Emotional Processing in Relation to the COVID-19 Pandemic.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
- Role of Emotion Reactivity to Predict Facial Emotion Recognition Changes with Aging.Experimental aging researchArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Subjective emotional arousal in typically developing adults was investigated in an explorative study. 177 participants (20-70 years) rated facial expressions and words for self-experienced arousal and perceived intensity, and completed the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation scale and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS-D). Exclusion criteria were psychiatric or neurological diseases, or clinically relevant scores in the HADS-D. Arousal regarding faces and words was significantly predicted by emotional clarity. Separate analyses showed following significant results: arousal regarding faces and arousal regarding words constantly predicted each other; negative faces were predicted by age and intensity; neutral faces by gender and impulse control; positive faces by gender and intensity; negative words by emotional clarity; and neutral words by gender. Males showed higher arousal scores than females regarding neutral faces and neutral words; for the other arousal scores, no explicit group differences were shown. Cluster analysis yielded three distinguished emotional characteristics groups: "emotional difficulties disposition group" (mainly females; highest emotion regulation difficulties, depression and anxiety scores; by trend highest arousal), "low emotional awareness group" (exclusively males; lowest awareness regarding currently experienced emotions; by trend intermediate arousal), and a "low emotional difficulties group" (exclusively females; lowest values throughout). No age effect was shown. Results suggest that arousal elicited by facial expressions and words are specialized parts of a greater emotional processing system and that typically developing adults show some kind of stable, modality-unspecific dispositional baseline of emotional arousal. Emotional awareness and clarity, and impulse control probably are trait aspects of emotion regulation that influence emotional arousal in typically developing adults and can be regarded as aspects of meta-emotion. Different emotional personality styles were shown between as well as within gender groups.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.