ArticleMedicine2019
Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis associated with reactivated Epstein-Barr virus infection in pediatric patients: Three case reports.
Article in Medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Anticonvulsive treatment in autoimmune encephalitis: a systematic literature review.Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) · 2024Pooled it
- Associations of viral infections and antiviral vaccinations with anti-NMDAR and other forms of autoimmune encephalitis.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Review
- Investigation of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor and anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies in patients with human herpesviruses-associated central nervous system infections.Journal of neurovirology · 2025Article
- Epstein-Barr Virus Encephalitis as a Cause of Status Epilepticus - A Rare Encounter.Archives of Iranian medicine · 2025Article
- Epstein-Barr Virus Encephalitis: A Review of Case Reports from the Last 25 Years.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Detection of anti-NMDA receptor antibodies following BBIBP-CorV COVID-19 vaccination in a rituximab-treated person with multiple sclerosis presenting with manifestations of an acute relapse.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Article
- B cells going viral in the CNS: Dynamics, complexities, and functions of B cells responding to viral encephalitis.Immunological reviews · 2022Review
- COVID-19 and neurologic manifestations: a synthesis from the child neurologist's corner.World journal of pediatrics : WJP · 2022Review
- Permanent Impairment of Language Functions in an Adolescent Case of Autoimmune Encephalitis.Noro psikiyatri arsivi · 2022Article
- N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis Associated With COVID-19 Infection in a Toddler.Pediatric neurology · 2021Article
- Acute Psychosis Due to Anti-N-Methyl D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis Following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Case Report.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
rationaleAnti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is the most frequent autoimmune encephalitis in children, and its presentation is various. The disease can be triggered by various infections. PATIENT CONCERNS: Case 1 was a 7-year-old female with the presentation of seizure, repeated fever, language disorder, and decreased muscle strength of the right limbs; Case 2 was a 7-year-old male with the manifestation of repeated emesis, headache, involuntary movement, altered personality, seizures, and cognitive impairment; Case 3 was a 2-year-old female with repeated fever, emesis, seizures, coma, and decreased muscle strength of limbs. Anti-NMDAR antibody was identified in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the 3 cases, confirming the diagnosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis. Pathogenic examinations revealed positive serum Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-nuclear antigen and EBV-capsid antigen (CA)-IgG antibodies in the 3 cases, as well as positive EBV-early antigen (EA)-IgG antibody in CSF. Case 1 also had positive EBV-CA-IgA antibody; Case 3 also had positive EBV-CA-IgA and EBV-CA-IgG antibodies. DIAGNOSES: Anti-NMDAR antibody and EBV-EA-IgG antibody in CSF were tested positive in the 3 cases. Thus, they were diagnosed as anti-NMDAR encephalitis associated with reactivated EBV infection.
interventionsAll of the 3 cases received immunoglobulin, corticosteroid, and ganciclovir treatment. Cases 2 and 3 also received antiepileptic drugs due to repeated seizures. In addition, Case 3 also received assistant respiration, plasma exchange, and rituximab. OUTCOMES: The 3 cases were substantially recovered after treatment. Repeat CSF analysis showed decreased titer of the anti-NMDAR antibody. LESSONS: Reactivated EBV infection may trigger anti-NMDAR encephalitis in children, which has not been reported previously. Related possible virology tests should be completed while diagnosing the disease.
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