ArticlePloS one2019
Context-dependence of race self-classification: Results from a highly mixed and unequal middle-income country.
Article in PloS one, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Association of metabolic obesity phenotypes with cognitive decline in the ELSA-Brasil study.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Limited transferability of European-based body mass index and blood pressure polygenic scores to admixed Brazilian cohorts.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Web-Based Dashboard for Tracking Cryptococcosis-Related Deaths in Brazil (2000-2022).Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Shifting Goals in Aesthetic Rhinoplasty: Eurocentric Ideals, Ethnic Background, and Cultural Identity.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2025Article
- Is race adjustment necessary to estimate glomerular filtration rate in South Brazilians?Journal of nephrology · 2024Article
- Steroid-Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome Is Associated With a Unique Genetic Profile in a Highly Admixed Pediatric Population.Kidney international reports · 2024Article
- Racial inequalities in mental healthcare use and mortality: a cross-sectional analysis of 1.2 million low-income individuals in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 2010-2016.BMJ global health · 2023Article
- Trans-ethnic genomic informed risk assessment for Alzheimer's disease: An International Hundred K+ Cohorts Consortium study.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2023Article
- Trans-ethnic polygenic risk scores for body mass index: An international hundred K+ cohorts consortium study.Clinical and translational medicine · 2023Article
- Validation of equations to estimate kidney function with and without adjustment by race/color in Brazilian adults (ELSA-Brazil).Revista brasileira de epidemiologia = Brazilian journal of epidemiology · 2023Article
- Epidemiology and risk factors of hypoglycemia in subjects with type 1 diabetes in Brazil: a cross-sectional, multicenter study.Archives of endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Article
- Racial Differences in Blood Pressure Control from Users of Antihypertensive Monotherapy: Results from the ELSA-Brasil Study.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2022Article
- The impact of socioeconomic and phenotypic traits on self-perception of ethnicity in Latin America.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- A Critical Review on New Approaches for Chronic Disease Prevention in Brazil and Canada: From Wholistic Dietary Guidelines to Physical Activity Security.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2021Review
- Genome-Wide Association of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Plasma Levels in the ELSA-Brasil Study.Frontiers in genetics · 2021Article
- Blurred lines: racial misclassification in death certificates in Brazil.International journal of public health · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ethnic-racial classification criteria are widely recognized to vary according to historical, cultural and political contexts. In Brazil, the strong influence of individual socio-economic factors on race/colour self-classification is well known. With the expansion of genomic technologies, the use of genomic ancestry has been suggested as a substitute for classification procedures such as self-declaring race, as if they represented the same concept. We investigated the association between genomic ancestry, the racial composition of census tracts and individual socioeconomic factors and self-declared race/colour in a cohort of 15,105 Brazilians. Results show that the probability of self-declaring as black or brown increases according to the proportion of African ancestry and varies widely among cities. In Porto Alegre, where most of the population is white, with every 10% increase in the proportion of African ancestry, the odds of self-declaring as black increased 14 times (95%CI 6.08-32.81). In Salvador, where most of the population is black or brown, that increase was of 3.98 times (95%CI 2.96-5.35). The racial composition of the area of residence was also associated with the probability of self-declaring as black or brown. Every 10% increase in the proportion of black and brown inhabitants in the residential census tract increased the odds of self-declaring as black by 1.33 times (95%CI 1.24-1.42). Ancestry alone does not explain self-declared race/colour. An emphasis on multiple situational contexts (both individual and collective) provides a more comprehensive framework for the study of the predictors of self-declared race/colour, a highly relevant construct in many different scenarios, such as public policy, sociology and medicine.
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