ArticleSexually transmitted diseases2019
Proportion of Incident Human Immunodeficiency Virus Cases Among Men Who Have Sex With Men Attributable to Gonorrhea and Chlamydia: A Modeling Analysis.
Article in Sexually transmitted diseases, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Review of Network Models for HIV Spread.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2025Pooled it
- Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2021Guideline
- Doxycycline Versus Azithromycin for the Treatment of Rectal Chlamydia in Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Trial
- Measuring the health benefits and costs of antimicrobial-resistant gonorrhea surveillance in the United States: an agent-based model and cost-effectiveness analysis.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026Article
- Rapid detection of ceftriaxone-resistantMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Early Implementation of Doxycycline Postexposure Prophylaxis at an Infectious Diseases Clinic in the Southern United States.AIDS patient care and STDs · 2026Article
- World Health Organization-Recommended Periodic Presumptive Treatment Versus Doxycycline Post-Exposure Prophylaxis for Sexually Transmitted Infection Control Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Kenya: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- HIV and Syphilis Self-Testing to Support the Implementation of Patient-Delivered Partner Therapy for Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infection Partner Treatment Among Sexual Minoritized Men.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2026Article
- Modeling the 2022 mpox outbreak with a mechanistic network model.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Clinical Validation of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assays for the Rapid Detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis.Microbial biotechnology · 2025Article
- Article
- Switching From Dual to Monotherapy for Gonorrhea is Associated With a Halving of Gonococcal Resistance to Azithromycin-A Modelling Study of MSM in Belgium.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Preferences and Acceptability of Testing for Sexually Transmitted Infections in an HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Clinic in Hanoi, Vietnam.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance in Curable Sexually Transmitted Infections.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2025Review
- High transmission risk in HIV-1 molecular transmission network among MSM is related to unsafe sexual behavior and adverse childhood experiences: a case-control study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Bioactive Compounds Isolated from a Marine Sponge Selectively InhibitAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Agent based modelling of blood borne viruses: a scoping review.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Addressing STIs through managed care: opportunities in Medicaid and beyond.The American journal of managed care · 2024Article
- Transactional Sex, HIV, and Bacterial STIs Among U.S. Men Who have Sex with Men.American journal of preventive medicine · 2024Article
- Doxycycline Post-Exposure Prophylaxis for Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections: The Current Landscape and Future Directions.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2024Review
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSexually transmitted infections (STIs) are associated with an increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition and transmission. We estimated the proportion of HIV incidence among men who have sex with men attributable to infection with the 2 most common bacterial STIs, Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT).
methodsWe used a stochastic, agent-based model of a sexual network of MSM with cocirculating HIV, NG, and CT infections. Relative risk (RR) multipliers, specific to anatomic site of infection, modified the risk of HIV transmission and acquisition based on STI status. We estimated the effect of NG and CT on HIV incidence overall and on HIV acquisition and HIV transmission separately. Each scenario was simulated for 10 years. The population attributable fraction (PAF) was determined for each combination of RRs by comparing the incidence in the final year of a scenario to a scenario in which the RRs associated with NG and CT were set to 1.0.
resultsOverall, 10.2% (interquartile range [IQR], 7.9-12.4) of HIV infections were attributable to NG/CT infection. Then in sensitivity analyses, the PAF for HIV transmission ranged from 3.1% (IQR, 0.5-5.2) to 20.4% (IQR, 17.8-22.5) and the PAF for HIV acquisition ranged from 2.0% (IQR, -0.7 to 4.3) to 13.8% (IQR, 11.7-16.0).
conclusionsDespite challenges in estimating the causal impact of NG/CT on HIV risk, modeling is an alternative approach to quantifying plausible ranges of effects given uncertainty in the biological cofactors. Our estimates represent idealized public health interventions in which STI could be maximally prevented, setting targets for real-world STI interventions that seek to reduce HIV incidence.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.