ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2019
Brief Report: Short-Term Adherence Marker to PrEP Predicts Future Nonretention in a Large PrEP Demo Project: Implications for Point-of-Care Adherence Testing.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Infectious Disease Modelling of HIV Prevention Interventions: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis of Compartmental Models.PharmacoEconomics · 2023Pooled it
- Acceptability and feasibility of a urine-based tenofovir adherence assay for monitoring and providing feedback on PrEP adherence in Kenya.AIDS care · 2025Trial
- Point-of-Care Tenofovir Urine Testing for the Prediction of Treatment Failure and Drug Resistance During Initial Treatment for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Infection.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Trial
- The ATEAM study: Advances in technology to enhance PrEP adherence monitoring (ATEAM) among young men who have sex with men.Clinical and translational science · 2022Trial
- Absorbing Markov chain model of PrEP drug adherence to estimate adherence decay rate and probability distribution in clinical trials.Journal of theoretical biology · 2025Article
- Trial of an mHealth intervention to improve HIV prophylaxis for female sex workers, United Republic of Tanzania.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2024Article
- Point-of-care urine tenofovir monitoring of adherence to drive interventions for HIV treatment and prevention.Expert review of molecular diagnostics · 2024Review
- Evolution of Risk Behaviors, Sexually Transmitted Infections and PrEP Care Continuum in a Hospital-Based PrEP Program in Barcelona, Spain: A Descriptive Study of the First 2 Years' Experience.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2023Article
- REverSe TRanscrIptase chain termination (RESTRICT) for selective measurement of nucleotide analogs used in HIV care and prevention.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2023Article
- Loss to Follow-Up from HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Care in Men Who Have Sex with Men in West Africa.Viruses · 2022Article
- Mass Spectroscopy Imaging of Hair Strands Captures Short-Term and Long-Term Changes in Emtricitabine Adherence.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2022Article
- Real-Time Monitoring and Point-of-Care Testing: A Review of the Current Landscape of PrEP Adherence Monitoring.Patient preference and adherence · 2021Review
- Perspectives on the utility and interest in a point-of-care urine tenofovir test for adherence to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis and antiretroviral therapy: an exploratory qualitative assessment among U.S. clients and providers.AIDS research and therapy · 2020Article
- Projecting the impact of equity-based preexposure prophylaxis implementation on racial disparities in HIV incidence among MSM.AIDS (London, England) · 2020Article
- Comparison of adherence measurement tools used in a pre-exposure prophylaxis demonstration study among female sex workers in Benin.Medicine · 2020Observational
- Enzymatic Assay for Rapid Measurement of Antiretroviral Drug Levels.ACS sensors · 2020Article
- Development and validation of the first point-of-care assay to objectively monitor adherence to HIV treatment and prevention in real-time in routine settings.AIDS (London, England) · 2020Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundObjective adherence metrics for tenofovir (TFV) disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (FTC)-based pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) were critical for interpretation of efficacy in PrEP clinical trials, and there is increasing interest in using drug levels to tailor interventions for reengagement and adherence. Point-of-care immunoassays for TFV, which examine short-term adherence, are in development. However, the ability of poor short-term and long-term adherence to predict future PrEP nonretention is unknown.
settingSecondary data analysis of a large, prospective multi-site U.S. PrEP demonstration project.
methodsAn adjusted Cox-proportional hazards model examined the relationship of dried blood spot (DBS) levels of FTC-triphosphate (FTC-TP) or TFV-diphosphate (TFV-DP), measures of short-term and long-term PrEP adherence, respectively, with future study nonretention.
resultsOverall, 294 individuals (median age 33 years) contributed drug levels within the U.S. PrEP demonstration project. By the end of study, 27% were lost to follow-up, 25% had at least one undetectable FTC-TP level indicating poor short-term adherence, and 29% had a drug level indicating suboptimal long-term adherence (TFV-DP <700 fmol/punch). The strongest factor associated with future study nonretention using a binary drug-level cut-off was an undetectable DBS FTC-TP level (adjusted hazard ratio 6.3; 95% confidence interval 3.8 to 10.2). The suboptimal long-term adherence based on low DBS TFV-DP levels was also associated with nonretention (adjusted hazard ratio 4.3; 95% confidence interval: 2.4 to 7.6).
conclusionsBoth short- and long-term metrics of PrEP adherence are strongly associated with future loss to follow-up in a U.S. demonstration project study. Short-term metrics of adherence, once available at the point-of-care, could be used to direct real-time tailored retention and adherence interventions.
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Registered trials
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