ReviewBritish journal of pharmacology2019
Sex differences in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis: An obstacle to antidepressant drug development?
Review in British journal of pharmacology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed.
- Phenotype-Specific Transcriptomic Responses to Glucocorticoid Signaling in the Prefrontal Cortex and Dorsal Raphe Nucleus Following Chronic Social Stress.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Symptoms of depression, suicidal ideation, and personality traits in a sample of medical students: a cross-sectional study.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Inclusion of women in French psychiatric clinical trials: an exploratory study of researchers' experiences and challenges.Archives of women's mental health · 2026Article
- Beyond Dryness: Mapping the Psychological and Cognitive Burden in Sjögren's Disease-A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Loneliness and cognitive decline among U.S. adults: A stratified analysis of the BRFSS.PloS one · 2026Article
- Acid-sensing ion channel 1a deficiency drives endocrine hypertension in male mice.The Journal of physiology · 2026Article
- Mental health and gut-brain crosstalk: implications for depression and Alzheimer's disease.Neuroscience applied · 2026Review
- Thermoneutral environment improves mouse welfare and reduces stress in metabolic cages.Lab animal · 2025Article
- The Differential Involvement of α1-Adrenoceptor Subtypes in the Molecular Effects of Antidepressant Drugs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- PERINATAL ORGANOPHOSPHATE FLAME RETARDANT EXPOSURE ALTERS ADULT HPA AXIS FUNCTION AND AVOIDANCE BEHAVIOR IN A SEX-SPECIFIC MANNER IN MICE.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Exploring the Impact and Mechanisms of Coffee and Its Active Ingredients on Depression, Anxiety, and Sleep Disorders.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Article
- Unveiling the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Antidepressants: A Systematic Review of Human Studies over the Last Decade.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Genetic diversity shapes behavioral outcomes and reveals sex differences in mice exposed to early life stress.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Common and sex-specific differences in hypothalamic subunit volumes and their links with depressive symptoms in treatment-naïve patients with major depressive disorder.Brain structure & function · 2025Article
- The immunological perspective of major depressive disorder: unveiling the interactions between central and peripheral immune mechanisms.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Review
- Genetically diverse mice exhibit divergent domain-specific, sex-dependent behavioral outcomes following exposure to early life stress.PloS one · 2025Article
- Quantitative Assessment of Psychological Stress Changes Before and After Ureteral Stent Placement: A Prospective Observational Study.Patient preference and adherence · 2025Article
- Beyond the Surface: Tracing the Evolution of Inflammatory Mechanism in Depression through Bibliometric Analysis.Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2025Review
- Participation of transgender and gender diverse persons in cardiovascular clinical trials.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction has long been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression, and HPA axis-based compounds have served as potential new therapeutic targets, but with no success. This review details sex differences from animal and human studies in the function of HPA axis elements (glucocorticoids, corticotropin releasing factor, and vasopressin) and related compounds tested as candidate antidepressants. We propose that sex differences contribute to the failure of novel HPA axis-based drugs in clinical trials. Compounds studied preclinically in males were tested in clinical trials that recruited more, if not exclusively, women, and did not control, but rather adjusted, for potential sex differences. Indeed, clinical trials of antidepressants are usually not stratified by sex or other important factors, although preclinical and epidemiological data support such stratification. In conclusion, we suggest that clinical testing of HPA axis-related compounds creates an opportunity for targeted, personalized antidepressant treatments based on sex. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on The Importance of Sex Differences in Pharmacology Research. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.21/issuetoc.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.