ReviewNature reviews. Clinical oncology2019
Adverse effects of immune-checkpoint inhibitors: epidemiology, management and surveillance.
Review in Nature reviews. Clinical oncology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 5 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 1,315 papers, 13 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase IV Study of Apricity C.A.R.E. Program for Cancer Adverse Events Rapid Evaluation to Improve Treatment Outcomes of Ethnic/Racial Minority Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Patients Receiving Immunotherapy
A Late Phase Randomized Open-Label Multi Cohort Trial to Evaluate irAEs With Different Standard of Care Dosing Strategies of Standard of Care Immunotherapies
NEUTROFLOW: Development and Validation of a Pan-cancer Neutrophil Biomarker Test for Predicting Clinical Benefit From Immunotherapy Based on Flow Cytometry Analysis of Blood Samples
Master Protocol for A Phase 1b/2 Study of Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy in Microsatellite Stable (MSS) Colorectal Cancer (CRC) Subjects With Resectable Liver Metastases
"Evaluation of a Non-Pharmacological Skin Care Intervention for the Prevention and Treatment of Skin Toxicities Caused by Immunotherapy in Cancer Patients"
Who cites it
1,315 citing papers in PubMed, 13 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 2,170 citations in OpenAlex.
- ESR Essentials: imaging of melanoma-practice recommendations by the European Society of Oncologic Imaging.European radiology · 2026Guideline
- Immune-checkpoint inhibitor-induced bullous pemphigoid in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: two case reports and systematic review of the literature.Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden) · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled safety profiles of bispecific antibodies targeting PD-1/CTLA-4 or PD-1/VEGF in non-small cell lung cancer: a systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis.Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute · 2026Pooled it
- Perioperative immune checkpoint inhibitors with or without chemotherapy versus placebo with or without chemotherapy in elderly people with localised non-small cell lung cancer.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Safety of immune checkpoint modulators beyond PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 in solid tumors: a meta-analysis.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2026Pooled it
- Infusion-Related Reactions from Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Solid Tumors: A Proportional and Network Meta-Analysis.Targeted oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Potential beneficial effects of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical and clinical studies.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Is radiofrequency ablation of renal cancer metastases a suitable alternative to surgical metastectomy: A systematic review.Irish journal of medical science · 2026Pooled it
- Occurrence and clinical course of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated inflammatory arthritis and polymyalgia rheumatica-like syndromes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- EMQN best practice guidelines for analysis and reporting of microsatellite instability in solid tumours.European journal of human genetics : EJHG · 2026Guideline
- Longitudinal changes in the relative toxicity of FDA-approved oncology therapeutics: evidence from paired initial and updated RCT reports.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Evaluating the efficacy and safety of first-line immunotherapy for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with a focus on PD-L1 expression.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- First-line therapies for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a network meta-analysis of immune checkpoint inhibitors and transarterial therapies based on 35 randomized trials.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes as a Predictor of Adjuvant Avelumab Efficacy in Patients with High-risk Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Trial
- Tumor-Immune-On-Chip to Evaluate Pathophysiological Feature of T Lymphocytes Expanded from Patient Tumors and Lymph Node Tissues.Cancer medicine · 2026Trial
- Mapping the global landscape of research on immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated cardiotoxicity: A quantitative and visualized bibliometric study (2016-2025).Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Real world incidence, predictors and outcomes of endocrine immune-related adverse events following immune checkpoint inhibitors.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Moving Beyond the Plateau in Immune Checkpoint Inhibition-The Imperative of Early Referral and Precision Strategies.Journal of immunotherapy and precision oncology · 2026Article
- Laboratory Medicine in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Autoimmune Disorders: Baseline Assessment, Diagnostic Algorithms, Monitoring, and Predictive Biomarkers.Annals of laboratory medicine · 2026Review
- Targeting CD6 in solid tumors: safety, early efficacy, and mechanistic insights from a proof-of-concept trial of itolizumab.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
1,255 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and anti-programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibodies, are arguably the most important development in cancer therapy over the past decade. The indications for these agents continue to expand across malignancies and disease settings, thus reshaping many of the previous standard-of-care approaches and bringing new hope to patients. One of the costs of these advances is the emergence of a new spectrum of immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which are often distinctly different from the classical chemotherapy-related toxicities. Owing to the growing use of ICIs in oncology, clinicians will increasingly be confronted with common but also rare irAEs; hence, awareness needs to be raised regarding the clinical presentation, diagnosis and management of these toxicities. In this Review, we provide an overview of the various types of irAEs that have emerged to date. We discuss the epidemiology of these events and their kinetics, risk factors, subtypes and pathophysiology, as well as new insights regarding screening and surveillance strategies. We also highlight the most important aspects of the management of irAEs.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.