ArticleAnticancer research2019
Intraductal Adaptation of the 4T1 Mouse Model of Breast Cancer Reveals Effects of the Epithelial Microenvironment on Tumor Progression and Metastasis.
Article in Anticancer research, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Triterpenes in breast cancer: a systematic review of preclinical evidence in rodents.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Capmatinib and paclitaxel combination: a novel strategy for overcoming challenges in triple-negative breast cancer treatment.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Preclinical models of breast cancer metastasis: strengths, limitations, and clinical relevance.NPJ breast cancer · 2026Review
- Modelling the metastatic immune microenvironment in triple-negative breast cancer.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2025Article
- Screening and validating the optimal panel of housekeeping genes for 4T1 breast carcinoma and metastasis studies in mice.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Radiolabeled Human Serum Albumin Nanoparticles Co-Loaded with Methotrexate and Decorated with Trastuzumab for Breast Cancer Diagnosis.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2023Article
- Triple-negative breast cancer cells invade adipocyte/preadipocyte-encapsulating geometrically inverted mammary organoids.Integrative biology : quantitative biosciences from nano to macro · 2023Article
- Surgical wounding enhances pro-tumor macrophage responses and accelerates tumor growth and lung metastasis in a triple negative breast cancer mouse model.Physiological reports · 2022Article
- Suppression of the malignancy of mammary tumor in mice model by inactivated preparation ofVeterinary research forum : an international quarterly journal · 2022Article
- Passage Number of 4T1 Cells Influences the Development of Tumour and the Progression of Metastasis in 4T1 Orthotopic Mice.The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS · 2022Article
- The past, present, and future of breast cancer models for nanomedicine development.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2021Review
- Advances in Rodent Models for Breast Cancer Formation, Progression, and Therapeutic Testing.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Review
- Comparative Profiling of Metastatic 4T1- vs. Non-metastatic Py230-Based Mammary Tumors in an Intraductal Model for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLow success rates in oncology drug development are prompting re-evaluation of preclinical models, including orthotopic tumor engraftment. In breast cancer models, tumor cells are typically injected into mouse mammary fat pads (MFP). However, this approach bypasses the epithelial microenvironment, potentially altering tumor properties in ways that affect translational application. MATERIALS AND
methodsTumors were generated by mammary intraductal (MIND) engraftment of 4T1 carcinoma cells. Growth, histopathology, and molecular features were quantified.
resultsDespite growth similar to that of 4T1 MFP tumors, 4T1 MIND tumors exhibit distinct histopathology and increased metastasis. Furthermore, >6,000 transcripts were found to be uniquely up-regulated in 4T1 MIND tumor cells, including genes that drive several cancer hallmarks, in addition to two known therapeutic targets that were not up-regulated in 4T1 MFP tumor cells.
conclusionEngraftment into the epithelial microenvironment generates tumors that more closely recapitulate the complexity of malignancy, suggesting that intraductal adaptation of orthotopic mammary models may be an important step towards improving outcomes in preclinical drug screening and development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.