ReviewParasites & vectors2019
Equine trypanosomosis: enigmas and diagnostic challenges.
Review in Parasites & vectors, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- Noninvasive Biological Samples to Detect and Diagnose Infections due to Trypanosomatidae Parasites: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Pooled it
- Article
- Nationwide Serological Survey of Equine Trypanosomosis in Kazakhstan.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Restricted insecticide application: a last mile control option for elimination of acute sleeping sickness and progressive control of African animal trypanosomiasis in South-Eastern Uganda.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Unveiling Equine Abortion Pathogens: A One Health Perspective on Prevalence and Resistance in Northwest China.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Article
- Developing a national atlas to support the progressive control of tsetse-transmitted animal trypanosomosis in Zambia.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Hidden menace: Understanding the devastating consequences of dourine disease in horses.Open veterinary journal · 2025Review
- Uncovering the Unusual Inhibition Mechanism of a Trypanosome Alternative Oxidase Inhibitor Displaying Broad-Spectrum Activity against African Animal Trypanosomes.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- First detection and phylogenetic analysis of Trypanosoma species in European wolves and bears: discovery of novel haplotypes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Trypanosoma evansi in Brazil: first evidence of infection in equines from Northeast region.Revista brasileira de parasitologia veterinaria = Brazilian journal of veterinary parasitology : Orgao Oficial do Colegio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinaria · 2025Article
- Mechanisms of life cycle simplification in African trypanosomes.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Prevalence of gastrointestinal and blood parasites in horses of Nakhon Si Thammarat province, Thailand.Veterinary world · 2024Article
- Molecular, immunological, and physiological evidences of a sphingosine-activated plasma membrane CaParasitology research · 2024Article
- Equine Trypanosomiasis: Molecular Detection, Hematological, and Oxidative Stress Profiling.Veterinary medicine international · 2024Article
- Evolutionary, structural and functional insights in nuclear organisation and nucleocytoplasmic transport in trypanosomes.FEBS letters · 2023Review
- European Inter-Laboratory Proficiency Test for Dourine Antibody Detection Using the Complement Fixation Test.Veterinary sciences · 2023Article
- AIDMAN: An AI-based object detection system for malaria diagnosis from smartphone thin-blood-smear images.Patterns (New York, N.Y.) · 2023Article
- DOES TRYPANOSOMA EVANSI HAVE THE MAXICIRCLE GENE, OR CAN TRYPANOSOMA EQUIPERDUM BE ISOLATED FROM BOVINES?The Journal of parasitology · 2023Article
- Relevant Brachycera (Excluding Oestroidea) for Horses in Veterinary Medicine: A Systematic Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 7 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Equine trypanosomosis is a complex of infectious diseases called dourine, nagana and surra. It is caused by several species of the genus Trypanosoma that are transmitted cyclically by tsetse flies, mechanically by other haematophagous flies, or sexually. Trypanosoma congolense (subgenus Nannomonas) and T. vivax (subgenus Dutonella) are genetically and morphologically distinct from T. brucei, T. equiperdum and T. evansi (subgenus Trypanozoon). It remains controversial whether the three latter taxa should be considered distinct species. Recent outbreaks of surra and dourine in Europe illustrate the risk and consequences of importation of equine trypanosomosis with infected animals into non-endemic countries. Knowledge on the epidemiological situation is fragmentary since many endemic countries do not report the diseases to the World Organisation for Animal Health, OIE. Other major obstacles to the control of equine trypanosomosis are the lack of vaccines, the inability of drugs to cure the neurological stage of the disease, the inconsistent case definition and the limitations of current diagnostics. Especially in view of the ever-increasing movement of horses around the globe, there is not only the obvious need for reliable curative and prophylactic drugs but also for accurate diagnostic tests and algorithms. Unfortunately, clinical signs are not pathognomonic, parasitological tests are not sufficiently sensitive, serological tests miss sensitivity or specificity, and molecular tests cannot distinguish the taxa within the Trypanozoon subgenus. To address the limitations of the current diagnostics for equine trypanosomosis, we recommend studies into improved molecular and serological tests with the highest possible sensitivity and specificity. We realise that this is an ambitious goal, but it is dictated by needs at the point of care. However, depending on available treatment options, it may not always be necessary to identify which trypanosome taxon is responsible for a given infection.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.