ReviewMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2019
Black Ginseng and Its Saponins: Preparation, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Effects.
Review in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 75 papers.
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Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 136 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ginseng polysaccharides: Structures-based classification and biological activities-A review.Journal of ginseng research · 2026Review
- Dynamic Evolution of Volatile Aroma Compounds in Black Ginseng During Nine-Steaming and Nine-Drying Based on HS-GC-IMS and Chemometrics.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Ginseng as a Functional Food Intervention for Interstitial Lung Disease: A Review of the Benefits and Molecular Mechanisms.Food science & nutrition · 2026Review
- Black Ginseng Concentrate Restores Hair Loss-Associated Dysfunction in Human Follicle Dermal Papilla Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Black ginseng extract suppresses lung cancer growth in a xenograft mouse model.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Integrated multi-omics maps how processed black ginseng modulates gut homeostasis through rare ginsenosides.NPJ science of food · 2026Article
- BlackenedMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A novel black ginseng processing method for optimizing rare ginsenosides with bioactivity and sustainability.Journal of ginseng research · 2026Article
- Mechanistic insights into the regulation of glucose‒lipid metabolism by the bioactive constituents of ginseng.Journal of ginseng research · 2026Review
- Enhanced Anti-Lung Cancer Effects of SteamedInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Review
- Nutraceuticals, Social Interaction, and Psychophysiological Influence on Pet Health and Well-Being: Focus on Dogs and Cats.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- Ginseng Nanosizing: The Second Spring of Ginseng Therapeutic Applications.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Amelioration of pain and adjuvant-induced arthritis by syringic acid via modulation of behavioral parameters and inflammatory mediators i.e. TNF-α, Interleukins, MCP-1, NF-kB and COX-2.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Article
- Effects of different processed forms of Panax ginseng on sperm motility and reproductive parameters in male dogs.Journal of animal science and technology · 2025Article
- Korean black ginseng extract alleviates Alzheimer's disease-related cognitive impairment by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and suppressing the p38 MAPK/NF-κB/STAT3 pathways and NLRP3 inflammasome via TLR2 and TLR4 modulation.Journal of ginseng research · 2025Article
- Natural products for intervertebral disc degeneration: mechanistic insights and therapeutic potentials.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Black ginseng under forest as a natural antidepressant: insights into its active components and mechanisms.Frontiers in chemistry · 2025Article
- Article
- Ginsenosides 20R-Rg3 and Rg5 enriched black ginseng inhibits colorectal cancer tumor growth by activating the Akt/Bax/caspase-3 pathway and modulating gut microbiota in mice.Current research in food science · 2025Article
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Black ginseng is a type of processed ginseng that is prepared from white or red ginseng by steaming and drying several times. This process causes extensive changes in types and amounts of secondary metabolites. The chief secondary metabolites in ginseng are ginsenosides (dammarane-type triterpene saponins), which transform into less polar ginsenosides in black ginseng by steaming. In addition, apparent changes happen to other secondary metabolites such as the increase in the contents of phenolic compounds, reducing sugars and acidic polysaccharides in addition to the decrease in concentrations of free amino acids and total polysaccharides. Furthermore, the presence of some Maillard reaction products like maltol was also engaged. These obvious chemical changes were associated with a noticeable superiority for black ginseng over white and red ginseng in most of the comparative biological studies. This review article is an attempt to illustrate different methods of preparation of black ginseng, major chemical changes of saponins and other constituents after steaming as well as the reported biological activities of black ginseng, its major saponins and other metabolites.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.