ArticleDisease markers2019
The Expression Patterns and Associated Clinical Parameters of Human Endogenous Retrovirus-H Long Terminal Repeat-Associating Protein 2 and Transmembrane and Immunoglobulin Domain Containing 2 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.
Article in Disease markers, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prognostic value of HHLA2 expression in solid tumors: A meta-analysis based on the Chinese population.Medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Phenotypical and potential functional characteristics of different immune cells expressing CD28H/B7-H5 and their relationship with cancer prognosis.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2020Pooled it
- The B7 family molecules in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review. Part II: B7-1, B7-2, B7-H2, B7-H3, B7-H4, B7-H5 (VISTA), B7-H6 and B7-H7.Postepy dermatologii i alergologii · 2025Review
- Combination Therapy Approaches to Enhance the Efficacy of ERV-Targeting Vaccines in Cancer.Cancer immunology research · 2025Review
- B7-H7 knockdown suppresses the proliferation, metastasis, and drug resistance of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma cells by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathway.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Review
- CancerHERVdb: Human Endogenous Retrovirus (HERV) Expression Database for Human Cancer Accelerates Studies of the Retrovirome and Predictions for HERV-Based Therapies.Journal of virology · 2023Article
- KIR3DL3-HHLA2 and TMIGD2-HHLA2 pathways: The dual role of HHLA2 in immune responses and its potential therapeutic approach for cancer immunotherapy.Journal of advanced research · 2023Review
- HERVs and Cancer-A Comprehensive Review of the Relationship of Human Endogenous Retroviruses and Human Cancers.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- TMIGD2 as a potential therapeutic target in glioma patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- HHLA2 Activates the JAK/STAT Signaling Pathway by Binding to TMIGD2 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells.Inflammation · 2022Article
- Human endogenous retrovirus-H long terminal repeat-associating 2: The next immune checkpoint for antitumour therapy.EBioMedicine · 2022Review
- Functional genomics analysis identifies T and NK cell activation as a driver of epigenetic clock progression.Genome biology · 2022Article
- The Emerging Role of MTHFD Family Genes in Regulating the Tumor Immunity of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Journal of oncology · 2022Article
- HHLA2 deficiency inhibits non-small cell lung cancer progression and THP-1 macrophage M2 polarization.Cancer medicine · 2021Article
- KIR3DL3-HHLA2 is a human immunosuppressive pathway and a therapeutic target.Science immunology · 2021Article
- B7-H7 is a prognostic biomarker in epithelial ovarian cancer.Translational cancer research · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human endogenous retrovirus-H long terminal repeat-associating protein 2 (HHLA2) and transmembrane and immunoglobulin domain containing 2 (TMIGD2) are new immune checkpoint molecules of the B7:CD28 family; however, little research has been performed on these immune checkpoint molecules. In this study, we used oral squamous cells carcinoma (OSCC) tissue microarrays and immunohistochemistry methods to investigate the expression patterns of HHLA2 and TMIGD2 in OSCC. After comparing the HHLA2 and TMIGD2 expression levels in OSCC, dysplasia, and mucosa, we found increased HHLA2 expression in OSCC and dysplasia, while the TMIGD2 expression was decreased in OSCC and dysplasia. Using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test, we found that higher HHLA2 or TMIGD2 expression levels in OSCC indicate poor prognosis. Furthermore, two-tailed Pearson's statistical analysis revealed that the HHLA2 expression levels in OSCC, dysplasia, and mucosa were positively correlated with the T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM3), lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG3), B7 homolog 3 protein (B7-H3), B7 homolog 4 protein (B7H4), and V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) levels, while the TMIGD2 expression levels in OSCC, dysplasia, and mucosa were inversely correlated with the TIM3, LAG3, and B7H3 levels. Our current study demonstrates that HHLA2 may serve as an immune target for OSCC therapy and that the TMIGD2 expression level in OSCC could forecast patient prognosis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.