ArticlemBio2019
Early Steps in Herpes Simplex Virus Infection Blocked by a Proteasome Inhibitor.
Article in mBio, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neddylation: from regulatory mechanisms to clinical implications in cancer.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screening identifies host factors critical for antiviral defense against equine herpesvirus type 1.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Limitations of acyclovir and identification of potent HSV antivirals using 3D bioprinted human skin equivalents.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The novel human astrovirus VA1 requires the proteasome during cell entry.The Journal of general virology · 2025Article
- The effective multiplicity of infection for HCMV depends on the activity of the cellular 20S proteasome.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Effect of Melatonin on Herpesvirus Type 1 Replication.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Anti-HSV-1 agents: an update.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 inhibits autophagy in glial cells but requires ATG5 for the success of viral replication.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Article
- A Systematic Review of Second-Line Treatments in Antiviral Resistant Strains of HSV-1, HSV-2, and VZV.Cureus · 2023Review
- Article
- The Role of Ubiquitin-Proteasome System in the Pathogenesis of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 Disease.International journal of inflammation · 2023Review
- Host Cell Neddylation Facilitates Alphaherpesvirus Entry in a Virus-Specific and Cell-Dependent Manner.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Integrated network analysis reveals new genes suggesting COVID-19 chronic effects and treatment.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2021Article
- Review
- Bioactive Compounds as Potential Agents for Sexually Transmitted Diseases Management: A Review to Explore Molecular Mechanisms of Action.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- Proteomic Signature of Host Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Nasopharynx.Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP · 2021Article
- Antiviral potential of natural products from marine microbes.European journal of medicinal chemistry · 2020Review
- Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Viruses commandeer host cell 26S proteasome activity to promote viral entry, gene expression, replication, assembly, and egress. Proteasomal degradation activity is critical for herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (also known as Velcade and PS-341) is a clinically effective antineoplastic drug that is FDA approved for treatment of hematologic malignancies such as multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma. Low nanomolar concentrations of bortezomib inhibited infection by HSV-1, HSV-2, and acyclovir-resistant strains. Inhibition coincided with minimal cytotoxicity. Bortezomib did not affect attachment of HSV to cells or inactivate the virus directly. Bortezomib acted early in HSV infection by perturbing two distinct proteasome-dependent steps that occur within the initial hours of infection: the transport of incoming viral nucleocapsids to the nucleus and the virus-induced disruption of host nuclear domain 10 (ND10) structures. The combination of bortezomib with acyclovir demonstrated synergistic inhibitory effects on HSV infection. Thus, bortezomib is a novel potential therapeutic for HSV with a defined mechanism of action.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.