ArticleDiabetes2019
Liver Function and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study.
Article in Diabetes, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 135 citations in OpenAlex.
- Challenges in interpreting Mendelian randomization studies with a disease as the exposure: Using COVID-19 liability studies as an exemplar.European journal of human genetics : EJHG · 2025Pooled it
- Effect of Fine Particulate Matter Exposure on Liver Enzymes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- The effect of low volume high-intensity interval training on metabolic and cardiorespiratory outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Prevalence of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2020Pooled it
- Serum alkaline phosphatase levels and the risk of new-onset diabetes in hypertensive adults.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2020Trial
- Scoparone protects against acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury: Insights from In vivo experiments and RNA sequencing.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- Dementia risk across distinct metabolic profiles in the UK Biobank.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Article
- From associations to action: deepening the clinical and mechanistic implications of obesity indices in T2DM risk stratification.Hepatobiliary surgery and nutrition · 2026Article
- Diagnostic Utility of Serum Activating Transcription Factor 4 and Toll-like Receptor 4 as Early Biomarkers of Inflammation in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Integrated bioinformatics and SEM analysis reveal GPAM as a key mediator of fibrosis in NAFLD with metabolic dysfunction.Journal of genetics · 2026Article
- The Importance of Serum Perilipin-2 Level as an Early Indicator of Inflammation in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Elevated liver enzyme trajectories in early adulthood and persistently high levels predict type 2 diabetes risk in Japanese adults.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Hypoglycemic effect ofGut microbes · 2025Article
- Liver fibrosis is associated with men's health care symptoms, especially erectile dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms.Investigative and clinical urology · 2025Article
- Prospects of Mendelian randomization in hepatology: a comprehensive literature review with practice guidance.Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2025Review
- CARDIAL-MS (CArdio-Renal-DIAbetes-Liver-Metabolic Syndrome): a new proposition for an integrated multisystem metabolic disease.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Review
- Type 2 diabetes and cause-specific mortality in Mexico City: a Mendelian randomisation analysis.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2025Article
- Advances in Metabolomics: A Comprehensive Review of Type 2 Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Interactions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Elevated liver enzymes and diabetes in the PERSIAN Guilan cohort study.Caspian journal of internal medicine · 2025Article
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors at 9 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Liver dysfunction and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are consistently associated. However, it is currently unknown whether liver dysfunction contributes to, results from, or is merely correlated with T2D due to confounding. We used Mendelian randomization to investigate the presence and direction of any causal relation between liver function and T2D risk including up to 64,094 T2D case and 607,012 control subjects. Several biomarkers were used as proxies of liver function (i.e., alanine aminotransferase [ALT], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alkaline phosphatase [ALP], and γ-glutamyl transferase [GGT]). Genetic variants strongly associated with each liver function marker were used to investigate the effect of liver function on T2D risk. In addition, genetic variants strongly associated with T2D risk and with fasting insulin were used to investigate the effect of predisposition to T2D and insulin resistance, respectively, on liver function. Genetically predicted higher circulating ALT and AST were related to increased risk of T2D. There was a modest negative association of genetically predicted ALP with T2D risk and no evidence of association between GGT and T2D risk. Genetic predisposition to higher fasting insulin, but not to T2D, was related to increased circulating ALT. Since circulating ALT and AST are markers of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), these findings provide some support for insulin resistance resulting in NAFLD, which in turn increases T2D risk.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.