ReviewMolecular cancer2019
Targeting Tyro3, Axl and MerTK (TAM receptors): implications for macrophages in the tumor microenvironment.
Review in Molecular cancer, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 292 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
292 citing papers in PubMed, 442 citations in OpenAlex.
- Anexelekto (Axl)/Mer Inhibitor Tamnorzatinib in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukaemia: Results from a Phase I (Monotherapy) and Phase II (Combination with Venetoclax) Clinical Study.Acta haematologica · 2026Trial
- A Phase II Study Investigating Cabozantinib in Patients with Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (AGICC 17CRC01).Cancer research communications · 2022Trial
- AXL at the nexus of therapeutic resistance, tumor vascularization, and immune evasion in cancer.iScience · 2026Review
- Structural basis of phosphatidylserine enhancement of Gas6 ligand-induced Axl activation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- METTL3 Alleviates Liver Abscess by Enhancing Macrophage Efferocytosis via mImmunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Article
- Lactylation-Driven PROS1-TYRO3-CARF Signaling Promotes Therapy-Induced Senescence Escape and Radioresistance in Meningioma.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Multi-Omics Analysis Identifies Fibroblast-Associated Stromal-Immune Networks Linked to Pregnancy-Associated Attenuation of Imiquimod-Induced Psoriatic Dermatitis.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- ApoE impairs microglial efferocytosis by targeting Gas6/MerTK in a mouse model of acute seizure.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Article
- Spatial and Temporal Heterogeneity of Macrophage Efferocytosis in Tumors: Emerging Implications for Immunotherapy Biomarkers and Therapeutic Timing.Cancer medicine · 2026Review
- NLRC5-Deficient Macrophages Promote a Tumor-Permissive Phenotype via AXL- and MERTK-Mediated Efferocytosis.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Article
- Lgr6Genes & diseases · 2026Review
- Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- DEA hypothesis: disinhibition, enhancing recognition, and alerting the host are the three pillars of effective cancer immunotherapy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Review
- Spatial immune atlas of breast cancer brain metastasis reveals CD163Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Defective efferocytosis in diabetes: molecular mechanisms and emerging therapeutic strategies.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Review
- RNF34 restrains endometriosis through SREBP1-dependent metabolic-immune crosstalk.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Article
- Mitochondria Clearance Enables Macrophage-Driven Maturation of iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocyte Metabolism.Cellular and molecular bioengineering · 2026Article
- Integrated Transcriptomics Reveals Evolutionary Trajectories and Cell Density-Dependent Mechanisms in Aldosterone-Producing Adenomas.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- N-Glycosylation of AXL Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Regulates Its Stability, Phosphorylation, and Oncogenic Function.Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP · 2026Article
- TAM receptor tyrosine kinases as potential mediators of the non-lytic spread of non-enveloped viruses.Biochemical Society transactions · 2026Review
232 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages are an abundant cell type in the tumor microenvironment. These macrophages serve as a promising target for treatment of cancer due to their roles in promoting cancer progression and simultaneous immunosuppression. The TAM receptors (Tyro3, Axl and MerTK) are promising therapeutic targets on tumor-associated macrophages. The TAM receptors are a family of receptor tyrosine kinases with shared ligands Gas6 and Protein S that skew macrophage polarization towards a pro-tumor M2-like phenotype. In macrophages, the TAM receptors also promote apoptotic cell clearance, a tumor-promoting process called efferocytosis. The TAM receptors bind the "eat-me" signal phosphatidylserine on apoptotic cell membranes using Gas6 and Protein S as bridging ligands. Post-efferocytosis, macrophages are further polarized to a pro-tumor M2-like phenotype and secrete increased levels of immunosuppressive cytokines. Since M2 polarization and efferocytosis are tumor-promoting processes, the TAM receptors on macrophages serve as exciting targets for cancer therapy. Current TAM receptor-directed therapies in preclinical development and clinical trials may have anti-cancer effects though impacting macrophage phenotype and function in addition to the cancer cells.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.