Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31087778›Full record

ArticleJournal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.)2019

The International Consortium for Quality Research on Dietary Sodium/Salt (TRUE) position statement on the use of 24-hour, spot, and short duration (<24 hours) timed urine collections to assess dietary sodium intake.

Norm R C Campbell, Feng J He, Monique Tan, Francesco P Cappuccio, Bruce Neal, Mark Woodward, Mary E Cogswell, Rachael McLean, Joanne Arcand, Graham MacGregor and 5 more

Open access · hybridAbstract readConsensus Statement
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 94 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
94citing papers in PubMed, 10 pooled it
11.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

94 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 130 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Guideline
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Pooled it
  8. Pooled it
  9. Pooled it
  10. Pooled it
  11. Trial
  12. Trial
  13. Trial
  14. Trial
  15. Trial
  16. Article
  17. Practical prediction of 24-hour urinary sodium excretion in young people: a new formula derived from Tanaka and INTERSALT formulas.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026
    Article
  18. Article
  19. Self-report of 24-h urine completeness compared withThe British journal of nutrition · 2026
    Article
  20. Article

34 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors at 13 institutions in 6 countries.

Norm R C CampbellDepartment of Medicine, Physiology and Pharmacology, Community Health Sciences, O'Brien Institute for Public Health and Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-1093-4742
Feng J HeWolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Monique TanWolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Francesco P CappuccioDivision of Health Sciences, WHO Collaborating Centre for Nutrition, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
Bruce NealThe George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Mark WoodwardThe George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Mary E CogswellDivision for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Chamblee, Georgia.
Rachael McLeanDepartment of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.ORCID 0000-0002-0005-328X
Joanne ArcandFaculty of Health Sciences, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa Ontario, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-1995-6905
Graham MacGregorWolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
Paul WheltonDepartment of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana.
Antti JulaDepartment of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland.
Mary R L'AbbeDepartment of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Laura K CobbResolve to Save Lives, Vital Strategies, New York, NY.
Daniel T LacklandDepartment of Neurology, Division of Translational Neuroscience and Population Studies, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina.
Queen Mary University of London · GBCenters for Disease Control and Prevention · USFinnish Institute for Health and Welfare · FIMedical University of South Carolina · USOntario Tech University · CAThe George Institute for Global Health · AUThe George Institute for Global Health · GBTulane University · USUniversity of Calgary · CAUniversity of Otago · NZUniversity of Toronto · CAUniversity of Warwick · GBVital Strategies · US

Funding

Tulane COBRE in Cardiometabolic Diseases Clinical Research CoreP20GM109036 · NIGMS · TULANE UNIVERSITY OF LOUISIANA · PI JING CHEN · 2016 to 2026
$25.3M
NIGMS NIH HHS P20 GM109036
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The International Consortium for Quality Research on Dietary Sodium/Salt (TRUE) is a coalition of intentional and national health and scientific organizations formed because of concerns low-quality research methods were creating controversy regarding dietary salt reduction. One of the main sources of controversy is believed related to errors in estimating sodium intake with urine studies. The recommendations and positions in this manuscript were generated following a series of systematic reviews and analyses by experts in hypertension, nutrition, statistics, and dietary sodium. To assess the population's current 24-hour dietary sodium ingestion, single complete 24-hour urine samples, collected over a series of days from a representative population sample, were recommended. To accurately estimate usual dietary sodium at the individual level, at least 3 non-consecutive complete 24-hour urine collections obtained over a series of days that reflect the usual short-term variations in dietary pattern were recommended. Multiple 24-hour urine collections over several years were recommended to estimate an individual's usual long-term sodium intake. The role of single spot or short duration timed urine collections in assessing population average sodium intake requires more research. Single or multiple spot or short duration timed urine collections are not recommended for assessing an individual's sodium intake especially in relationship to health outcomes. The recommendations should be applied by scientific review committees, granting agencies, editors and journal reviewers, investigators, policymakers, and those developing and creating dietary sodium recommendations. Low-quality research on dietary sodium/salt should not be funded, conducted, or published.

Indexed as

4-Aminobenzoic AcidAgedAged, 80 and overCardiovascular DiseasesFemaleGlobal Burden of DiseaseHumansHypertensionMaleNutritional StatusRecommended Dietary AllowancesSodiumSodium Chloride, DietaryTime FactorsUrine Specimen Collection4-Aminobenzoic AcidSodiumSodium Chloride, Dietarydietary saltdietary sodiumhypertensionnutritionpublic health

Identifiers

PMID31087778
PMCPMC6874851
OpenAlexW2945273889

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.