ArticleThe New phytologist2019
Defense of pyrethrum flowers: repelling herbivores and recruiting carnivores by producing aphid alarm pheromone.
Article in The New phytologist, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular and transcriptional regulation of plant defense responses to aphid infestation.Stress biology · 2026Review
- Discovery of farnesal from a wild cucumber landrace enables eco-compatible biopesticide development against aphids.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Salicylic acid regulates biosynthesis of floral fragrance (E)-β-farnesene via NPR3-WRKY1 module in chrysanthemum.Molecular horticulture · 2025Article
- OfWRKY33 binds to the promoter of key linalool synthase geneHorticulture research · 2025Article
- Structure and release function of fragrance glands.Horticulture research · 2025Article
- The Role of MYC2 Transcription Factors in Plant Secondary Metabolism and Stress Response Mechanisms.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Molecular evolution of dietary shifts in ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): from fungivory to carnivory and herbivory.BMC biology · 2025Article
- Reproductive strategies of two color morphs ofFrontiers in plant science · 2025Article
- Visual-, Olfactory-, and Nectar-Taste-Based Flower Aposematism.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Exploring the co-operativity of secretory structures for defense and pollination in flowering plants.Planta · 2024Review
- Aphid alarm pheromone mimicry in transgenicFrontiers in plant science · 2024Article
- Molecular background of the diverse metabolic profiles in leaves and inflorescences of naked catmint (Frontiers in plant science · 2024Article
- Analysis of apocarotenoid volatiles from lettuce (3 Biotech · 2023Article
- Microneedle-based interstitial fluid extraction for drug analysis: Advances, challenges, and prospects.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2023Review
- Defensive functions and potential ecological conflicts of floral stickiness.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Exploring the Relationship between Trichome and Terpene Chemistry in Chrysanthemum.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Ribozyme-mediated CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing in pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium) hairy roots using a RNA polymerase II-dependent promoter.Plant methods · 2022Article
- Caterpillar-Induced Rice Volatile (E)-β-Farnesene Impairs the Development and Survival ofFrontiers in physiology · 2022Article
- Transcriptional Responses and GCMS Analysis for the Biosynthesis of Pyrethrins and Volatile Terpenes inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Responses to predation risk cues and alarm pheromones affect plant virus transmission by an aphid vector.Oecologia · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
(E)-β-Farnesene (EβF) is the predominant constituent of the alarm pheromone of most aphid pest species. Moreover, natural enemies of aphids use EβF to locate their aphid prey. Some plant species emit EβF, potentially as a defense against aphids, but field demonstrations are lacking. Here, we present field and laboratory studies of flower defense showing that ladybird beetles are predominantly attracted to young stage-2 pyrethrum flowers that emitted the highest and purest levels of EβF. By contrast, aphids were repelled by EβF emitted by S2 pyrethrum flowers. Although peach aphids can adapt to pyrethrum plants in the laboratory, aphids were not recorded in the field. Pyrethrum's (E)-β-farnesene synthase (EbFS) gene is strongly expressed in inner cortex tissue surrounding the vascular system of the aphid-preferred flower receptacle and peduncle, leading to elongated cells filled with EβF. Aphids that probe these tissues during settlement encounter and ingest plant EβF, as evidenced by the release in honeydew. These EβF concentrations in honeydew induce aphid alarm responses, suggesting an extra layer of this defense. Collectively, our data elucidate a defensive mimicry in pyrethrum flowers: the developmentally regulated and tissue-specific EβF accumulation and emission both prevents attack by aphids and recruits aphid predators as bodyguards.
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