Trial reportNature medicine2019
Immune induction strategies in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer to enhance the sensitivity to PD-1 blockade: the TONIC trial.
Erratum issued Registry-linked trialOpen access · greenAbstract readAdaptive Clinical TrialClinical Trial, Phase IIRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph
Trial report in Nature medicine, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT04891016 (Toripalimab Combined With FLOT Regimen in Locally Advanced Gastric cancer-a Prospective, Open, Multi-center, Phase Ⅱ Clinical Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 548 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
548citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
48.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Toripalimab Combined With FLOT Regimen in Locally Advanced Gastric cancer-a Prospective, Open, Multi-center, Phase Ⅱ Clinical Study
Who cites it
548 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 863 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluating the efficacy and safety of first-line immunotherapy for metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials with a focus on PD-L1 expression.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- The safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy in locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis and systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors plus chemotherapy for early-stage or locally -advanced triple-negative breast cancer: a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized trials.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of a combination treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2024Pooled it
- Neoadjuvant PD-1/PD-L1 combined with CTLA-4 inhibitors for solid malignancies: a systematic review and meta-analysis.World journal of surgical oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Single-fraction or multi-fraction stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy followed by atezolizumab in advanced triple-negative breast cancer: a randomized phase II trial.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- Tremelimumab with or without durvalumab in combination with paclitaxel in metastatic urothelial cancer: phase I/II ICRA trial.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- Carboplatin with or without nivolumab in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: a randomized phase II trial.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Temporal and spatial composition of the tumor microenvironment predicts response to immune checkpoint inhibition in metastatic TNBC.Nature cancer · 2026Trial
- Sequential versus concurrent neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy in locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a randomized, controlled, open-label, phase 2 trial (HCHTOG1906).Frontiers in immunology · 2026Trial
- CfDNA-based copy-number dynamics during anti-PD1 treatment in metastatic triple negative breast cancer.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Trial
- Exploratory phase II trial of an anti-PD-1 antibody camrelizumab combined with a VEGFR-2 inhibitor apatinib and chemotherapy as a neoadjuvant therapy for triple-negative breast cancer (NeoPanDa03): efficacy, safety and biomarker analysis.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Trial
- A Single-Arm Phase 2 Trial of Doxorubicin Plus Zalifrelimab (Anti-CTLA-4 Antibody) and Balstilimab (Anti-PD-1 Antibody) in Advanced/Metastatic Soft Tissue Sarcomas.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2025Trial
- Efficacy, safety and exploratory analysis of neoadjuvant tislelizumab (a PD-1 inhibitor) plus nab-paclitaxel followed by epirubicin/cyclophosphamide for triple-negative breast cancer: a phase 2 TREND trial.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Trial
- Avelumab-based neoadjuvant therapy in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (AURA Oncodistinct-004): a phase 2 multicenter clinical trial.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Trial
- Bevacizumab, tislelizumab and nab-paclitaxel for previously untreated metastatic triple-negative breast cancer: a phase II trial.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Trial
- Topical TLR7 agonist and radiotherapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Trial
- Neoadjuvant apatinib addition to sintilimab and carboplatin-taxane based chemotherapy in patients with early triple-negative breast cancer: the phase 2 NeoSAC trial.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Trial
- Neoadjuvant atezolizumab in combination with dual HER2 blockade plus epirubicin in women with early HER2-positive breast cancer: the randomized phase 2 ABCSG-52/ATHENE trial.Nature cancer · 2025Trial
488 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
34 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Leonie Voorwerk *Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Maarten Slagter *Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Hugo M HorlingsDepartment of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4782-8828
Karolina SikorskaDepartment of Biometrics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Koen K van de VijverDepartment of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2026-9790
Michiel de MaakerDivision of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Iris NederlofDivision of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Roelof J C KluinGenomics Core Facility, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Sarah WarrenNanoString Technologies, Inc., Seattle, WA, USA.
SuFey OngNanoString Technologies, Inc., Seattle, WA, USA.
Terry G WiersmaDepartment of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Nicola S RussellDepartment of Radiation Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3507-9620
Ferry LalezariDepartment of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Philip C SchoutenDivision of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Noor A M BakkerOncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
Steven L C KetelaarsDivision of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Dennis PetersCore Facility Molecular Pathology & Biobanking, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Charlotte A H LangeDepartment of Radiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Erik van WerkhovenDepartment of Biometrics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7469-7427
Harm van TinterenDepartment of Biometrics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Ingrid A M MandjesDepartment of Biometrics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Inge KemperDepartment of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Suzanne OnderwaterDepartment of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Myriam ChalabiDivision of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Sofie WilgenhofDepartment of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
John B A G HaanenDivision of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5884-7704
Roberto SalgadoDepartment of Pathology, GZA-ZNA Ziekenhuizen, Antwerp, Belgium.
Karin E de VisserOncode Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0293-868X
Gabe S SonkeDepartment of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Lodewyk F A WesselsDivision of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Sabine C LinnDivision of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Ton N SchumacherDivision of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0517-8804
Christian U BlankDivision of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Marleen KokDivision of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. m.kok@nki.nl.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9043-9815
The Netherlands Cancer Institute · NLNanostring Technologies (United States) · USGhent University Hospital · BEPeter MacCallum Cancer Centre · AU
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The efficacy of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is low
Indexed as
AdultAgedAntineoplastic Agents, ImmunologicalB7-H1 AntigenCisplatinCombined Modality TherapyCyclophosphamideDoxorubicinFemaleHumansMiddle AgedNeoplasm MetastasisNivolumabProgrammed Cell Death 1 ReceptorRadiotherapy, AdjuvantT-Lymphocytes, CytotoxicAntineoplastic Agents, ImmunologicalB7-H1 AntigenCD274 protein, humanCisplatinCyclophosphamideDoxorubicinNivolumabPDCD1 protein, humanProgrammed Cell Death 1 Receptor
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
NCT04891016ClinicalTrials.gov
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.